The air-cooling battery thermal management system has been widely adopted as the device for power accumulators on electric vehicles nowadays. To improve heat transfer coefficient with minimum rise in cost, this study modified conventional rectangular cell arrangements 21,700 cylindrical packs two approaches: 1. increase vertical spacings; 2. convert constant spacings to gradient spacings. resul...

Predicting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed yield is of interest for crop producers to make important agronomic and economic decisions. Evaluating the canopy across a range common practices, using measurements, provides large inference producers. The individual synergistic relationships between fractional green cover (FGCC), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception, normalize...

Let A and B be n × m matrices. The matrix B is said to be g-row majorized (respectively g-column majorized) by A, if every row (respectively column) of B, is g-majorized by the corresponding row (respectively column) of A. In this paper all kinds of g-majorization are studied on Mn,m, and the possible structure of their linear preservers will be found. Also all linear operators T : Mn,m ---> Mn...

We study interacting systems of linear Brownian motions whose drift vector at every time point is determined by the relative ranks of the coordinate processes at that time. Our main objective has been to study the long range behavior of the spacings between the Brownian motions arranged in increasing order. For finitely many Brownian motions interacting in this manner, we characterize drifts fo...

The d spacings in niobium have been measured to 145 GPa with a diamond anvil cell using a fluid pressure-transmitting medium @methanol–ethanol–water ~MEW! mixture, or helium#. The conventional geometry, wherein the primary x-ray beam passes parallel to the load axis with image plate, has been used to record the diffraction patterns. The analysis of the d spacings using the lattice strain equati...

Three-dimensional phase-field simulations are employed to investigate rod-type eutectic growth morphologies in confined geometry. Distinct steady-state solutions are found to depend on this confinement effect with the rod array basis vectors and their included angle (α) changing to accommodate the geometrical constraint. Specific morphologies are observed, including rods of circular cross secti...

In a sample variance decomposition, with components functions of the sample's spacings, the largest component˜In is used in cluster detection. It is shown for normal samples that the asymptotic distribution of˜In is the Gumbel distribution. 1. Introduction. Clusters are nowadays data structures of considerable interest: Microarray data is used to attribute genes in clusters; gene expression is ...

There are many applications in modern science in which a very precise knowledge of atom spacings i.e. lattice parameters is crucial. These include multi layer hetero structures in device manufacturing and core-rim nano particles, for example. In general it is interesting to know the change in spacings – or the strain in the proximity of a lattice defect or a coherent interface between two diffe...