In type II superconductors where the coherence length ξ is small compared to the London penetration depth λ, the London equation is valid and it predicts that magnetic fields decay exponentially in magnitude with the depth into the superconductor with a length scale λ, provided the interface is flat. Various direct measurements of λ using low energy μSR on superconductors such as Yttrium-Barium...

Stochastic surface models are useful for analyzing in situ roughness profiles and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of geological terrain. In this paper, two different surface models are discussed: surfaces with a stationary random roughness (conventional model) and surfaces with a power-law roughness spectrum (fractal model). In the former case, it must be considered that for short profile...

OBJECTIVE The effect of disinfection by immersion in sodium perborate solution and microwave irradiation on surface roughness of one denture base resin (Lucitone 550 -L), 3 hard chairside reline resins (Tokuyama Rebase II-TR, New Truliner-NT, Ufi Gel hard-UH) and 3 resilient reline materials (Trusoft-T; Sofreliner-S, Dentusil-D) was evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty specimens of each mat...

The Arctic sea ice cover has decreased strongly in extent, thickness, volume and age in recent decades. The melt season presents a significant challenge for sea ice forecasting due to uncertainty associated with the role of surface melt ponds in ice decay at regional scales. This study quantifies the relationships of spring melt pond fraction (fp) with both winter sea ice roughness and thicknes...

J. Boryca, T. Wyleciał, D. Urbaniak, Częstochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland In the process of heating steel the processes of chemical interaction occur between the furnace atmosphere and the surface of the steel being heated. Great importance, in aspect of course of the oxidizing process equal as well as for phenomenon of scale adhesion on the charge surface, condition of his...

The Autonomous Planetary Rover Project at Carnegie Melion University is investigating the use of geometric information obtained from terrain elevation maps for mobile robot planning and control. We review how surface geometry has been characterized by surface roughness parameters, and why several of these parameten must be combined to form a vector roughness measurement. Next we propose a techn...

A thermal reflow technique is applied to high-index-contrast, sub-micron waveguides in As(2)S(3) chalcogenide glass to reduce the sidewall roughness and associated optical scattering loss. We show that the reflow process effectively decreases sidewall roughness of chalcogenide glass waveguides. A kinetic model is presented to quantitatively explain the sidewall roughness evolution during therma...

The effect of the surface roughness of solid atmospheric aerosol particles on their heterogeneous nucleation capability has been examined using the concept of Aself-affineB rough surfaces. The surface roughness has a great influence on the contact angle between the particle surface and the nucleating liquid droplets. Roughness enhances wetting and the rate of heterogeneous nucleation from the v...

In this paper, we present a physics-based analytical model of GNR FET, which allows for the evaluation of GNR FET performance including the effects of line-edge roughness as its practical specific non-ideality. The line-edge roughness is modeled in edge-enhanced band-to-band-tunneling and localization regimes, and then verified for various roughness amplitudes. Corresponding to these two regime...