INTRODUCTION Rotaviruses are the leading cause of community-acquired and nosocomial gastroenterocolitis in children. There are limited data concerning the epidemiology of nosocomial rotavirus gastroenterocolitis (NRVG) in Central European countries, including Poland. The aim of our study was to analyse the epidemiology of NRVG in a large tertiary hospital in Warsaw. MATERIAL AND METHODS We an...

T he most common cause of acute diarrhea in young children in developed and developing countries are rotaviruses. In developing countries, it is estimated that 20 70% of hospitalizations and close to one million children below the age of five die annually because of rotavirus infections (1). Of the seven groups (A G) of rotaviruses, group A is usually the cause of rotavirus-associated diarrhea....

The aim of the study was to compare an enzyme immunoassay method with shell vial cell culture method for detection of rotavirus in fecal specimens. In addition, the correlation between laboratory results and clinical scores of patients with gastroenteritis was evaluated. A total of 219 fecal specimens from children (ages 3 weeks to 5 years) with acute gastroenteritis submitted to pediatric emer...

• A survey of 100 newborn infants in 2 newborn nurseries in Honolulu and 36 newborns in a hospital in the New Hebrides failed to reveal rotavirus infection, despite its presence in the surrounding community. Rotavirus infection in the neonatal period appears to be endemic in some nurseries in England and Australia, but absent from others in England, Australia, the U.S., and the New Hebrides. Th...

BACKGROUND To date little conclusive evidence exists on the seasonality of rotavirus incidence in the tropics. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis on the seasonal epidemiology of rotavirus in the tropics, including 26 studies reporting continuous monthly rotavirus incidence for which corresponding climatological data was available. METHODS Using linear regression models that acco...

Rotavirus infection has been reported to induce an inflammatory response in the host cell accompanied by the increased expression or activation of some cellular molecules including ROS, NF-κB, and COX-2. PPARγ stimulation and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment have been found to interfere with viral infections including rotavirus infection. Small intestinal villi isolated from in vivo infected mi...

BACKGROUND Rotavirus-induced diarrhea poses a worldwide medical problem in causing substantial morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. We therefore developed a system for passive immunotherapy in which recombinant lactobacilli constitutively express neutralizing variable domain of llama heavy-chain (VHH) antibody fragments against rotavirus. METHODS VHH were expressed ...

Between November 1998 and December 2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention screened samples from 263 outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States and identified 3 that were associated with rotavirus among adults. Rotaviruses from each outbreak were further characterized by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Surprisingly, all specimens were of serotype G2, a strai...

The prospect that rotavirus diarrhea in children may soon be prevented by vaccines has placed a new priority on understanding the diversity of rotavirus strains and the mechanism by which these strains evolve over time. We have characterized a total of 465 rotavirus strains collected in North India from 2000 to 2007 for G and P types by reverse transcription-PCR and sequencing. The novel G12 ro...

BACKGROUND Currently, Indian officials are incorporating a domestically manufactured rotavirus vaccine (based on the 116E rotavirus strain) into the country's universal immunization program; this vaccine will cost significantly less than western rotavirus vaccines. Here, we examine the public health impact, cost, and cost-effectiveness of universal vaccination in India using the 116E vaccine. T...