The shot noise of a tunneling current passing through a molecule-motor can sustain a one-way rotation when populating the molecular excited states by tunneling inelastic excitations. We demonstrate that a ratchet-like ground state rotation potential energy curve is not necessary for the rotation to occur. A relative shift in energy difference between the maxima of this ground state and the mini...

Tokamak has toroidal symmetry and symmetry breaking via application of non-axisymmetric field produces disccipation of toroidal momentum by NTV [1] and produces offset toroidal rotation [2]. Callen explained NTV physics and origin of offset toroidal rotation plainly without impurity [3] and with impurity [4]. For impurity, same toroidal rotation for ion and impurity is assumed in [4], which is ...

I present results on the correlation between galaxy mass, luminosity, and metallicity for a sample of spiral and irregular galaxies having well-measured abundance profiles, distances, and rotation speeds. Additional data for low surface brightness galaxies from the literature are also included for comparison. These data are combined to study the metallicity-luminosity and metallicityrotation sp...