RDF, the high calorific value fraction of MSW obtained by conventional separation systems, can be employed in technological plants (mainly cement kilns) in order to obtain a useful energy recovery. It is interesting and important to evaluate this possibility within the general framework of waste-to-energy solutions. The solution must be assessed on the basis of different aspects, namely: techno...

Catalyst can enhance the reduction effect and promote of vanadium titanomagnetite. In this paper, carbon-containing pellets titanomagnetite were prepared by using highly volatile coal as reducing agent under background a novel process pre-reduction in rotary kiln. The effects CaO, CaCO 3 , B 2 O borax (Na 4 7 ·10H O) on tail gas characteristics prereduction studied simulated kiln flue analyzer....

Sustainability challenges and opportunities With more than one-half of the world’s growing population (now ∼ 7 billion) living in cities, a sustainable physical infrastructure is central to improving and maintaining a high quality of life. Concrete is an important component of this infrastructure, with a current annual per capita consumption of about 2.8 tonnes (t) ( Figure 1 ). Concrete powers...