Models of economic decisions often assume people maximize a preference or utility function. While this assumption provides insights into a wide range of economic behavior, in some cases its predictions contradict observed behavior. We illustrate this situation with human-subject experiments of decisions involving risk. We show how the addition of bounded rationality to the economic model can ex...

A B S T R A C TIntroduction: Although decision-making processes have become a principal target of study among addiction researchers, few researches are published according to effects of different treatment methods on the cognitive processes underlying decision making up to now. Utilizing cognitive modeling method, in this paper we examine the effects of Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) on ...

To address the limitations of the traditional performance measurement systems (PMSs) in visualizing risk and preventing excessive managerial risk-taking, a number of research studies proposed to extend the functionality of PMSs by incorporating risk measures and goals and thereby enabling a better view on organizational risk exposures. While researchers still continue to provide claims regardin...

Stimulant-using and stimulant-naive young adults performed the "risky gains" decision-making task [Paulus, M.P., Rogalsky, C., Simmons, A., Feinstein, J.S., Stein, M.B., 2003. Increased activation in the right insula during risk-taking decision making is related to harm avoidance and neuroticism. Neuroimage 19(4), 1439-1448]. On each trial, the numbers 20, 40, and 80 are presented individually ...

BACKGROUND Alterations in frontal and striatal function are hypothesized to underlie risky decision making in drug users, but how these regions interact to affect behavior is incompletely understood. We used mediation analysis to investigate how prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum together influence risk avoidance in abstinent drug users. METHOD Thirty-seven abstinent substance-dependent i...

Introduction: Decision-making is affected by the personality of individual making decision. As a fundamental human structure, Big-Five traits might significantly impact risky decision-making. The current study investigated association between and decision-making among undergraduate college students. Methods: Data was collected from 251 students aged 18 to 25, whom 89 were male 164 female. Risky...

The current study assessed peripheral responses during decision making under explicit risk, and tested whether intraindividual variability in choice behavior can be explained by fluctuations in peripheral arousal. Electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate (HR) were monitored in healthy volunteers (N = 68) during the Roulette Betting Task. In this task, participants were presented with risky g...

Risky decision-making is altered in humans and animals with damage to the orbitofrontal cortex. However, the cellular function of the intact orbitofrontal cortex in processing information relevant for risky decisions is unknown. We recorded responses of single orbitofrontal neurons while monkeys viewed visual cues representing the key decision parameters, reward risk and value. Risk was defined...

A sequential risk-taking paradigm used to identify real-world risk takers invokes both learning and decision processes. This article expands the paradigm to a larger class of tasks with different stochastic environments and different learning requirements. Generalizing a Bayesian sequential risk-taking model to the larger set of tasks clarifies the roles of learning and decision making during s...

This research explored the underlying processes mediating risky decisions for individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). We tested whether BPD patients were more apt to take risks compared to a matched comparison group. We used two controlled tasks designed to assess risky decision-making, both to achieve gains and to avoid losses. Overall, BPD patients showed increased risk-taking...