The purpose of this research was to explain the relationship between the personality of brands with risk aversion and customer loyalty. This research was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive correlation one in terms of information gathering and based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all customers with credible brands (5 famous and high-income brands s...

This paper analyses conditions for an increase in an additive independent background risk to increase an agent’s risk aversion (incremental risk vulnerability). We, first, present a necessary and sufficient condition on an agent’s utility function for a simple mean preserving spread in background risk to increase the agent’s risk aversion. Gollier and Pratt (1996) have shown that declining and ...

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The literature discusses risk aversion as one of the behavioral determinants of technology adoption. However, little attention has been paid to measuring ambiguity aversion of poor people in developing countries or in finding the role of ambiguity aversion in technology adoption. Risk experiments in the previous studies have been designed in such a way that individuals face the risky and/or amb...

Theories of decision under risk that assume decreasing marginal utility of money have been critiqued with concavity calibration arguments. Since that critique uses varying payoffs and fixed probabilities, it cannot have implications for calibration of nonlinear probability transformation, which is another way to model risk aversion. The concavity calibration critique also has no implication for...

The study of risk aversion of an agent confronted by a risk situations with several parameters is an important topic of risk theory. It is tackled traditionally with probabilistic methods. When these do not offer an appropriate shaping we can use Zadeh’s possibility theory . In this paper a possibilistic model of risk aversion with several parameters is proposed. The notion of possibilistic ris...

This paper analyzes the problem faced by a risk-averse firm considering how much to invest in a risky project. The firm receives a signal about the value of the project. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions on the signal distribution such that (i) the agent’s investment is nondecreasing in the realization of the signal, and (ii) different signals can be ranked according to their ex ant...

We consider the problem of selecting an appropriate distortion function and associated parameters to account for rare but catastrophic events that may result from a shortfall of military or security capabilities. Additionally, we describe the means by which a decision maker may allocate resources, subject to a finite budget constraint, while considering the impact of the risk of such shortfalls...

This paper studies comparative risk aversion between risk averse agents in the presence of a background risk. Although the literature covers this question extensively, our contribution differs from most of the literature in two respects. First, background risk does not need to be additive or multiplicative. Second, the two risks are not necessary mean independent, and may be conditional expecta...

We estimate the distribution of risk preferences using a large data set of deductible choices in auto insurance contracts. To do so, we develop a structural econometric model of adverse selection that allows for unobserved heterogeneity in both risk (claim rate) and risk aversion. We use data on realized claims to estimate the distribution of claim rates and data on deductible and premium choic...