extensive analysis of user traffic on Gnutella shows a significant amount of free riding in the system. By sampling messages on the Gnutella network over a 24-hour period, we established that almost 70% of Gnutella users share no files, and nearly 50% of all responses are returned by the top 1% of sharing hosts. Furthermore, we found out that free riding is distributed evenly between domains, s...

This paper experimentally investigates free-riding behavior on communication cost in a coordination game and finds strong indications of such free-riding. Firstly, the subjects wait for others to send a message when communication is costly, which does not happen when communication is costless. Secondly, the proportion of games where no communication or one-way communication takes place is much ...

Please share your stories about how Open Access to this chapter benefits you. INTRODUCTION transregional strategy since the 1980s'. 5 Pertinent to This essay examines Zhang Yimous recent film, current developments in the Chinese film industry, Riding Alonefor Thousands of Miles (hereafter Riding the transnational perspective can serve as a fresh and Alone). Compared to Zhang's previous father-s...

Voluntary Environmental Programs (VPs) involving industry and regulatory agencies have emerged as the promise of the future in environmental policy circles. Although the number of these agreements is increasing in OECD countries, there are still concerns about their effectiveness; in particular that “free-riding” behavior may be difficult to avoid within VPs. Free riding occurs when one firm be...

[Purpose] This study aimed to determine the effects of horseback riding simulator exercise on the muscle activities of the lower extremities according to changes in arm posture. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were 30 normal adult males and females. [Methods] The horseback riding simulator exercise used a horseback riding simulator device; two arm postures were used, posture 1 (holding th...

Accurate measurement of hand forces in motorbike riding is highly desirable for studies of safe riding. In this paper, we implement a force-sensing glove system for measuring real-time hand forces during motorbike riding with the aim of giving feedback to the riders. It consists of a pair of gloves with tactile sensors suitably mounted and configured for data acquisition via a wireless smartpho...

9 We ask whether conformity, copying the most observed behavior in a population, affects free riding. 10 Our model suggests that, if sufficiently frequent at the start of a public goods game, conformity will 11 increase the growth rate of free riding. We confirm this prediction in an experiment by showing that 12 free riding grows faster when players have the information necessary to conform. A...

The peer-to-peer (P2P) system has prevailed on the Internet. The old client-server architecture is gradually becoming unable to satisfy users’ various requests and deal with the heavy loading of networks. Many applications adopt P2P architecture to provide more flexible and efficient service. However, P2P systems are not flawless. The anarchic property of P2P systems keeps participant behaviour...