Abstract Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) priority species is a surrogate representing four wildlife, Panthera tigris sumatrae, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, Elephas maximus sumatrensis , and Pongo abelii living within GLNP. GLNP was appointed based on the extinction status, endemicity, population habitat conditions, threat, regional representation of wildlife. “GLNP species” terminology consider...

Abstract The Asian elephant Elephas maximus is of cultural significance for the Thai people. development legal protection elephants in Thailand dates back to 17th century, reflecting concerns about both human livelihoods and conservation. status privately owned, captive differs from that wild individuals, with consequences lawful use ivory animals. Prior 2015, lack comprehensive measures contro...