terized G protein GAP is phospholipase C-b, which is Summary both a GAP for Gqa and the effector that is activated by that G protein (Berstein et al., 1992; Biddlecome et al., A novel class of regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) 1996). The GTPase activity of the a subunit of transducin proteins has been identified recently. Genetic eviis also stimulated by its effector, the g subunit of a r...

The recently discovered regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins potently modulate the functioning of heterotrimeric G-proteins by stimulating the GTPase activity of G-protein alpha subunits. The mRNAs for numerous subtypes of putative RGS proteins have been identified in mammalian tissues, but little is known about their expression in brain. We performed a systematic survey of the loca...

G protein-coupled receptors play a pivotal role in regulating cardiac automaticity. Their function is controlled by regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins acting as GTPase-activating proteins for Galpha subunits to suppress Galpha(i) and Galpha(q) signaling. Using knock-in mice in which Galpha(i2)-RGS binding and negative regulation are disrupted by a genomic Galpha(i2)G184S (GS) point...

Inhibition of RAS-RAF-ERK-signaling is a major mechanism mediated by the multi-kinase inhibitors sorafenib and regorafenib, the only effective therapeutic approaches for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This underlines the importance of RAS-RAF-ERK-signaling in HCC. Most RAS isoforms were not yet described to play crucial roles in HCC. However, several studies indicate that the HRAS iso...

RGS proteins (regulators of G protein signaling) are potent accelerators of the intrinsic GTPase activity of G protein a subunits (GAPs), thus controlling the response kinetics of a variety of cell signaling processes. Most RGS domains that have been studied have relatively little GTPase activating specificity especially for G proteins within the Gi subfamily. Retinal RGS9 is unique in its abil...

Rodent grimace scales have been recently validated for pain assessment, allowing evaluation of facial expressions associated with pain. The standard scoring method is retrospective, limiting its application beyond pain research. This study aimed to assess if real-time application of the Rat Grimace Scale (RGS) could reliably and accurately assess pain in rats when compared to the standard metho...

Platelets are essential for normal hemostasis, but close regulation is required to avoid the destructive effects of either inappropriate platelet activation or excessive responses to injury. Here, we describe a novel complex comprising the scaffold protein, spinophilin (SPL), and the tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-1, and show that it can modulate platelet activation by sequestering RGS10 and RGS18, ...

Serum exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have received considerable attention as potential biomarkers for tumor diagnosis. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) is commonly used to detect miRNA expression levels in various types of cancer. One prerequisite for valid RT‑qPCR data is the correct normalization of miRNAs to stably expressed endogenous reference genes (RGs)...

Heterotrimeric G proteins, G12 and G13, have been shown to transduce signals from G protein-coupled receptors to activate Rho GTPase in cells. Recently, we identified p115RhoGEF, one of the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho, as a direct link between Galpha13 and Rho [Kozasa, T., et al. (1998) Science 280, 2109-2111; Hart, M. J., et al. (1998) Science 280, 2112-2114]. Activated ...

We report on XMM-Newton observations of the galactic supersoft X-ray source RXJ0925.7-4758. The RGS spectrum exhibits a wealth of spectral features from iron and oxygen. XMM-Newton data confirm the finding of previous Chandra HETGS/MEG observations that NLTE models of hot white dwarf atmospheres fail to represent the complex spectrum. There are clear evidences for P Cygni profiles with wind vel...