stock selection criteria play a key role in contrarian portfolio construction. the usual approach is applying cumulative return as stock selection criteria however applying this criterion leads to ranking stocks without considering investment risk. in this study, we analyze contrarian strategies that are based on reward–risk stock selection criteria in contrast to ordinary contrarian strategies...

Reward seeking is ubiquitous and adaptive in humans. But excessive reward seeking behavior, such as chasing monetary rewards, may lead to diminished subjective well-being. This study examined whether individuals trained in mindfulness meditation show neural evidence of lower susceptibility to monetary rewards. Seventy-eight participants (34 meditators, 44 matched controls) completed the monetar...

A novel approach for the reward distribution in multi-agent reinforcement learning is proposed. The agent who gets a reward gives a part of it to the other agents. If an agent gives a part of its own reward to the other ones, they may help the agent to get more reward. There may be some cases in which the agent gets more reward than that it gave to the other ones. In this case, it is better for...

Two experiments assessed the moderating impact of task context on the relationship between reward and cardiovascular response. Randomly assigned to the cells of a 2 (task context: reward vs. demand) x 2 (reward value: low vs. high) between-persons design, participants performed either a memory task with an unclear performance standard (Experiment 1) or a visual scanning task with an unfixed per...

Affective science research on reward processing has primarily focused on monetary rewards. There has been a growing interest in evaluating the neural basis of social decision-making and reward processing. The present study employed a within-subject design and compared the reward positivity (RewP), an event-related potential component that is present following favorable feedback and absent or re...

The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is thought to regulate behavioral responses under emotionally arousing conditions. Reward-associated cues activate PVT neurons; however, the specific PVT efferents regulating reward seeking remain elusive. Using a cued sucrose-seeking task, we manipulated PVT activity under two emotionally distinct conditions: (1) when reward was available durin...

In this paper, we propose a secure rewarding scheme. I n the scheme, a reward provider publishes a problem, and provides a reward f o r a person who can supply h im a satisfactory solution of the problem. The first qualified claimant with satisfactory solution of the problem is selected to obtain the reward. The selected claimant can obtain the reward from the reward provider without revealing ...

Reward feedback elicits a brief increase in power in the high-beta frequency range of the human electroencephalogram (EEG) over frontal areas of the scalp, but the functional role of this oscillatory activity remains unclear. An observed sensitivity to reward expectation (HajiHosseini, Rodríguez-Fornells, and Marco-Pallarés, 2012; [2]) suggests that reward-related beta may index a reward predic...

Reward prediction errors consist of the differences between received and predicted rewards. They are crucial for basic forms of learning about rewards and make us strive for more rewards-an evolutionary beneficial trait. Most dopamine neurons in the midbrain of humans, monkeys, and rodents signal a reward prediction error; they are activated by more reward than predicted (positive prediction er...

When a saccade is expected to result in a reward, both neural activity in oculomotor areas and the saccade itself (e.g., its vigor and latency) are altered (compared with when no reward is expected). As such, it is unclear whether the correlations of neural activity with reward indicate a representation of reward beyond a movement representation; the modulated neural activity may simply represe...