Multitudinous health data are continually being produced as our activities, including medicine, evolve into the digital age where plays a decisive role. Challenges come along well, concerning collection, secure storage, verification and access to continuously growing at such broad scale before valuable information can be extracted contribute medical advancement nowadays. With decentralization f...

Graphene is considered as the initial laboratory-made 2D material which initiated a new revolution in field of materials science. Since its discovery, lots researchers have discovered various properties and tested it for many potential applications. The present report discusses brief overview graphene, mainly concentrating on structure, synthesis, applications graphene. mechanical exfoliation C...

This paper presents a software architecture for hardware fault tolerance based on loosely-synchronized, redundant virtual machines (LSRVM). LSRVM will provide high levels of reliability by tolerating hardware faults at all levels of the system. Historically, such hardware fault tolerance has only been achievable using customdesigned hardware and proprietary operating systems. Today, however, te...

In this paper we describe Turtle, a peer-to-peer architecture for safe sharing of sensitive data. The truly revolutionary aspect of Turtle rests in its novel way of dealing with trust issues: while existing peer-to-peer architectures with similar aims attempt to build trust relationships on top of the basic, trust-agnostic, peer-topeer overlay, Turtle takes the opposite approach, and builds its...

RECEIVED 16 JUNE 2005; REVISED 17 SEPTEMBER 2005; ACCEPTED 26 SEPTEMBER 2005; PUBLISHED 27 OCTOBER 2005 The passive optical network (PON) is an optical fiber based network architecture, which can provide much higher bandwidth in the access network compared to traditional copper-based networks. Incorporating wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) in a PON allows one to support much higher bandwi...