conclusions dexmedetomidine added to bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia is more effective to increase duration of block, providing more appropriate sedation and less postoperative pain scale and post-operative nausea and vomiting (ponv) compared to fentanyl additive. results totally, 84 patients were randomly divided into three groups of 28 patients. onset of sensory block in dex group was signif...

Quantifying the magnitude and frequency of extreme precipitation events is key in translating climate observations to planning engineering design. Past efforts have mostly focused on estimation daily extremes using gauge observations. Recent development high-resolution global products, now allow extremes. This research aims quantitatively characterize spatiotemporal behavior extremes, by calcul...

This study investigates the directional return to scale of biological institutions in the China Science Academy. In the first stage, the input-output indicators provided including staff, budget of studies, SCI articles, high quality articles and graduate education, etc. In the second stage, the method proposed by Yang (2012) was used to analyse directional return to scale and directional conges...