The fate of the aryl gold(I) carbenes generated by retro-Buchner reaction of ortho-substituted 7-aryl-1,3,5-cycloheptatrienes is dependent on the constitution of the ortho substituent. Indenes and fluorenes are obtained by intramolecular reaction of highly electrophilic gold(I) carbenes with alkenes and arenes. According to density functional theory calculations, the gold-catalyzed retro-Buchne...

The Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx (or foregut) functions as a pump that draws in food (bacteria) from the environment. While the "organ identity factor" PHA-4 is critical for formation of the C. elegans pharynx as a whole, little is known about the specification of distinct cell types within the pharynx. Here, we use a combination of bioinformatics, molecular biology, and genetics to identify ...

BACKGROUND Mandibular advancement surgery may positively affect pharyngeal airways and therefore potentially beneficial to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OBJECTIVE To collect evidence from published systematic reviews that have evaluated pharyngeal airway changes related to mandibular advancement with or without maxillary procedures. METHODOLOGY PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane ...

The impressive morphological diversification of vertebrates was achieved in part by innovation and modification of the pharyngeal skeleton. Extensive fate mapping in amniote models has revealed a primarily cranial neural crest derivation of the pharyngeal skeleton. Although comparable fate maps of amphibians produced over several decades have failed to document a neural crest derivation of vent...

introdouction: the aim of this study was to compare information regarding pharyngeal airway sizes in adolescent subjects with different malocclusion classes obtained from lateral cephalograms and 3–dimensional (3d) cone-beam computed tomography (cbct) scans. materials and methods: in this prospective cross-sectional study, cbct scans and lateral cephalograms of 35 subjects, taken within one wee...

Background: Pharyngeal infections with gonorrhea (GC) and chlamydia (CT) can be missed if screened only by routine methods of urethral or urine specimens and may increase the risk of sexually transmitted infections and HIV acquisition and transmission. The prevalence of pharyngeal GC and CT in men who have sex with men (MSM) has been reported as 5.3-9.2% and 1.4-1.9% respectively. The objective...

Compromises of our computer systems are inevitable. New software vulnerabilities are discovered and exploited daily, but even if the software is bug-free, administrators may inadvertently make mistakes in configuring permissions, or unaware users may click on buttons in application installers with little understanding of its consequences. Unfortunately, recovering from those inevitable compromi...