Background Chronic pruritus of unknown origin (CPUO) is poorly understood and lacks effective treatment options. Objectives We aimed to elucidate abnormalities in the sweat apparatus patients with CPUO, assess efficacy safety systemic retinoids. Methods An initial case–control study included 20 affected five healthy controls, for whom heat sweating were induced, either through a standardized ex...

Background: Retinoids (derivatives of vitamin A) are reported to reduce the occurrence of some second primary cancers, including aerodigestive tract tumors. In contrast, b-carotene does not reduce the occurrence of primary aerodigestive tract cancers. Mechanisms explaining these effective retinoid and ineffective carotenoid chemoprevention results are poorly defined. Recently, the all-trans-ret...

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is considered to be a potential chemotherapeutic drug due to its capability to regulate cell growth and differentiation. The effects of ATRA on the proliferation of cells and gene regulation are mediated by retinoid receptors (RAR and RXR), which belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand- inducible transcription factors. ATRA can act either as a growth ...

Retinoids, such as all-trans-retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid, are naturally occurring ligands of the nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs). In concert with binding of ligand, these receptors from heterodimers with the retinoic X receptor (RXR) and transactivate RAR/RXR-responsive genes. Retinoids can differentiate leukemic cell lines in vitro and induce clinically complete remissions in ...

A study was conducted to determine the levels and distributions of retinoids, retinol-binding protein (RBP), retinyl palmitate hydrolase (RPH), cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) in different types of isolated liver cells. Highly purified fractions of parenchymal, fat-storing (stellate), endothelial, and Kupffer cells were isolated in hig...

Chemoprevention by synthetic retinoids of the progression of carcinomas of the pancreas induced in rats by azaserine was evaluated. Lewis rats were given five weekly injections of azaserine, 30 mg/kg, while being fed a chow diet. Two weeks after completion of carcinogen treatment, groups of rats were fed the chow diet supplemented with four different retinoids at the level of 0.5 to 2 mmol/kg o...

PURPOSE In the absence of 11-cis retinal (e.g., Rpe65⁻/⁻), the chromophore for all pigments, cone opsins are mislocalized in vivo. Using the systemic application of 11-cis retinal, appropriate protein localization can be promoted. Here, we asked whether explant cultures of Rpe65⁻/⁻ mouse retina are amenable to screening retinoids for their ability to promote opsin trafficking. METHODS Retina-...

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), the most common peroxisomal disorder, is a clinically heterogeneous disease that can manifest as devastating inflammatory cerebral demyelination (CALD) leading to death of affected males. Currently, the only curative treatment is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, HSCT is only effective when performed at an early stage beca...

INTRODUCTION: Retinoids are a broad group of natural and synthetic compounds derived from vitamin A. Many studies have shown strong anti-aging effects, they also been to therapeutic effects on acne vulgaris or psoriasis. Vitamin A its derivatives make the skin more elastic smooth, cause decrease in fine wrinkles an increase fibroblast activity collagen fiber production. Retinoid regulate biolog...

Recent progress in molecular understanding of the retinoid cycle in mammalian retina stems from painstaking biochemical reconstitution studies supported by natural or engineered animal models with known genetic lesions and studies of humans with specific genetic blinding diseases. Structural and membrane biology have been used to detect critical retinal enzymes and proteins and their substrates...