Purpose Retinal iron accumulation is observed in a wide range of retinal degenerative diseases, including AMD. Previous work suggests that Müller glial cells may be important mediators of retinal iron transport, distribution, and regulation. A transgenic model of Müller cell loss recently demonstrated that primary Müller cell ablation leads to blood-retinal barrier leakage and photoreceptor deg...

The ciliary epithelium (CE) in the adult mammalian eye harbors a mitotic quiescent population of neural stem cells. Here we have compared the cellular and molecular properties of CE stem cells and populations of retinal progenitors that define the early and late stages of histogenesis. The CE stem cells and retinal progenitors proliferate in the presence of mitogens and share the expression of ...

Differential diagnosis of retinal hemorrhage and partial tear of the retinal surface may be difficult in some cases. A 62-year-old woman was mistakenly followed-up for small retinal hemorrhages for more than 1 year. Blocked fluorescence specific to retinal hemorrhage was not observed by fluorescein angiography (FAG). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) clearly showed defects of the retinal surfa...

To report a case of major branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) in the superotemporal region with superior macular involvement and review its natural history. This is retrospective presentation 49-year-old African Caribbean female patient presented to Accident Emergency unilateral persistent acute history reduced central vision left eye for 10 days no other associated symptoms. Treatment options...

Bilateral proliferative retinopathy is a rare complication of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as few case reports have been published to date. In this report, 32-year old diabetic female presented with history bilaterally decreased vision. Ophthalmologic examination showed bilateral (i.e., retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, pre-retinal fibrosis and the presence peripheral capillary dropout...

Retinal arterial macroaneurysms are acquired, focal dilation of a retinal artery. Patients with can present an acute or gradual loss vision as result vitreous hemorrhage, preretinal hemorrhage macular edema. An 81 year old female, known hypertensive since 12 years under regular follow-up visits, presented to us secondary ruptured artery macroaneurysm in the right eye. She was managed indirect a...

In natural settings, our eyes tend to track approaching objects. To estimate motion, the brain should thus take account of eye movements, perhaps using retinal cues (retinal slip of static objects) or extra-retinal signals (motor commands). Previous work suggests that extra-retinal ocular vergence signals do not support the perceptual judgments. Here, we re-evaluate this conclusion, studying mo...

In retinal rods, light-induced isomerization of 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal within rhodopsin triggers an enzyme cascade that lowers the concentration of cGMP. Consequently, cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels close, generating the first electrical response to light. After isomerization, all-trans-retinal dissociates from rhodopsin. We now show that all-trans-retinal directly and ...