This paper briefly reviews CMOS image sensor technology and its utilization in security and medical applications. The role and future trends of image sensors in each of the applications are discussed. To provide the reader deeper understanding of the technology aspects the paper concentrates on the selected applications such as surveillance, biometrics, capsule endoscopy and artificial retina. ...

A method lor the determination of lightness from image intensity is presented. For certain classes ot images, lightness corresponds to reflectance, while image intensity is the product of reflectance and illumination intensity. The method is two-dimensional and depends on the different spatial distribution of these two components of image intensity. Such a lightness-judging process is required ...

INTRODUCTION Electronic medical records as one of major parts of electronic health records is an important application of Medical Informatics. EMR includes different types of data, Graphical items being one of these data types. To this end, a standard structure for storing and recovering and finally exchanging this data type is required. In order to standardize information items in this researc...

PURPOSE To perform acridine orange digital fluorography on rats after scatter photocoagulation to investigate alterations of retinal microcirculation at the capillary level, the authors used leukocyte dynamics as a parameter. METHODS Twenty-five pigmented rats (Long-Evans) were studied. Argon laser photocoagulation, extending 6 disc diameters from the optic disc, was delivered to one half of ...

Major advances characterize the Generation-V dual-Purkinje-image (DPI) eyetracker compared with the Generation-III version previously described. These advances include a large reduction in size, major improvements in frequency response and noise level, automatic alignment to a subject, and automatic adjustment for different separation between the visual and optic axes, which can vary considerab...

We simulated the effects of longitudinal (axial) chromatic aberration and defocus on contrast of the long-, middle- and short-wavelength components of the retinal image to determine whether the effects of chromatic aberration are sufficient to drive accommodation. Accommodation was monitored continuously while subjects (12) viewed a 3 c/deg white sine-wave grating (0.92 contrast) in a Badal sti...

Moonlit night scenes have a tinge of blue. Earlier work to model this perceptual effect has been statistical in nature; often based on unreliable measurements of blueness in paintings of moonlit night scenes. Needless to say there is a need of a more reliable and accurate model. We present a model based on the physiological functioning of the retina and how the rod and cone cells in the retina ...

The rods and cones of a human retina are constantly sensing and transmitting the light in the form of spikes to the cortex of the brain in order to reproduce an image in the brain. Delbruck’s lab has designed and manufactured several generations of spike based image sensors that mimic the human retina. In this paper we present an exhaustive timing analysis of the Address-EventRepresentation (AE...

It has been accepted for a hundred years or more that rods and cones are the only photoreceptive cells in the retina. The light signals generated in rods and cones, after processing by downstream retinal neurons (bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells), are transmitted to the brain via the axons of the ganglion cells for further analysis. In the past few years, however, convincing evi...

The most common type of cataract – a nuclear cataract – is characterized by a cloudy haze inside the lens (Fig. 1). This haze is the physical manifestation of a random clumping together of the once beautifully ordered arrangement of lens proteins called crystallins. As the cataract develops in size and density, it reduces the amount of light that passes through the lens and scatters the light t...