Use of disappearance data as proxies for actual consumption causes inconsistent estimates of own-price retail demand elasticities. A system of equations describing consumer, processor, and producer behavior is used to consistently estimate the retail demand elasticity for beef using available data while avoiding the restrictive assumption of fixed input proportions implicit in disappearance dat...

Using data on mobile phone handset sales from a single retail store, we examine the impact of different retail responsibility designations and vertical contracts on seller service provision, firm profitability, and social welfare. During our sample, this store switched from retailer-managed retailing with linear pricing contracts to manufacturermanaged retailing with revenue sharing. We estimat...

Campbell, Lettau, Malkiel, and Xu (2001) document a positive trend in idiosyncratic volatility during the 1962–1997 period. We show that by 2003 volatility falls back to pre-1990s levels. Furthermore, we show that the increase and subsequent reversal is concentrated among firms with low stock prices and high retail ownership. This evidence suggests that the increase in idiosyncratic volatility ...

IntroductIon Few medical issues are as contentious as determining the most effective and the safest treatment of cough and colds in children. Parents and caregivers know that antibiotics are not useful in treating viruses that are often the cause of these ailments. [1] They have turned, therefore, to overthe-counter (OTC) medications to relieve their children’s symptoms and have found more than...

Estimating spending for prescription drugs has become increasingly difficult over the past 15 years as extensive changes have taken place within the retail prescription drug industry. Expenditures for prescription drugs in retail outlets grew rapidly during the 1980s and early 1990s. New retail outlets emerged and existing sites lost market share. New mechanisms for reimbursing drug purchases l...

The purpose of this paper is to estimate models for retail price of gasoline based on the prediction deriving from the recent infinitely repeated game theories, supergame theories. The prediction implies that both the future changes and the unexpected shock in the economic environment, where firms faces, do have an impact on the current retail price of gasoline. Using monthly time series data o...

We study the causal effect of trading on stock market liquidity. We exploit episodes of sensational news (exogenous to the market) that distract retail investors. On “distraction days” we find that trading activity, liquidity, and volatility all decline among stocks owned predominantly by retail investors. These findings, complemented by additional tests, establish that retail investors contrib...

This study aims to identify perceptual barriers of Internet banking adoption among Malaysian retail banking customers. The perceptual barrier factors that analyzed were difficulty to operate, hassle to use, unreliable, perceived risk and high connection fees. This study employs a quantitative approach using questionnaire survey at selected banks in Malaysia. The results indicate that there are ...

Changes in production cost always lead to changes in wholesale and retail price. How to adjust the wholesale price, retail price and order quantity in order to derive an optimal strategy for the supplier and the retailer is one of the most perplexing problems. The purpose of this study is to develop a strategy to maximize the expected profit by simultaneously determining the adjustment ratio o...

We construct a model of trade with heterogeneous retailers to examine the effects of trade liberalization on retail market structure, imports and social welfare. We are especially interested in investigating the transmission of lower import prices into consumer prices and the effects of retail market regulation. The paper shows that changes in import prices may have large effects on consumer pr...