A number of cell surface markers are expressed on resting peripheral blood (PB) T cells (1). However, there are a number of surface markers that are expressed only in low proportions or not at all on resting T cells, but that are clearly expressed in varying proportions on activated T cells. Among these markers of activated T cells, the receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (FcyR) are on small fr...

ELISPOT assays are routinely used to measure immune responses of T cells in fresh and frozen splenocytes preparations; however, standardized methods for murine ELISPOT are not widely available. Freezing cells can significantly impact the function of T cells. The aim of this study was to optimize cryopreservation protocols to retain antigen-specific T cell function at similar levels as freshly i...

Tax1 encoded by the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been believed to dysregulate the expression of cellular genes involved in cell survival and mortality, leading to the development of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The function of Tax1 in ATL development however is still controversial, primarily because Tax1 induces cell cycle progression and apoptosis. To systemically understand...

Ag presentation in the absence of danger signals and Ag persistence are the inductive processes of peripheral T cell tolerization proposed so far. Nevertheless, it has never been definitively shown that chronic Ag presentation per se can induce T cell tolerance independent of the state of activation of APCs. In the present work, we investigated whether chronic Ag presentation by either resting ...

Monoclonal antibodies which react specifically with the nuclei of interphase cells recognized three nuclear antigens with molecular weights of 110,000 (p110), 85,000 (p85), and 18,000 (p18). p110 and p85 were found in eight tumor cell lines but were not found in resting lymphocytes. p18 was found in resting lymphocytes as well as the tumor cell lines. Protein p85 appeared in phytohemagglutinin-...

the present study aimed to assess changes in resting and maximum heart rates as primary indicators of cardiac autonomic function in metabolic syndrome (mets) patients and to determine their value for discriminating mets from non-mets. 468 participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study and assessed according to the updated adult treatment panel iii (atp-iii) definition of mets. resting...

At present it is clear that nucleoli are multifunctional cell organelles and participate in the cell proliferation, resting state, differentiation, maturation, aging and death. Therefore, they also represent very useful morphological markers of these cell states under physiological, pathological and experimental conditions. One of important nucleolar functions related to the mentioned cell stat...

abstract polymyxa betae is an obligate parasite and has a worldwide distribution. this fungus is a soil-borne root endoparasite in some plant families such as portulaceae, chenopodiaceae and amaranthaceae. this fungus is the vector of many plant viruses such as beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) which causes the disease known as rhizomania. bnyvv is the most economical important viral dise...