Respiratory muscle weakness in neuromuscular disease causes significant morbidity and mortality. The published data on respiratory muscle activity and breathing during sleep in normal subjects, the impact of respiratory muscle weakness on sleep and breathing and the relations to daytime respiratory function in neuromuscular disease are reviewed here. In normal subjects during sleep upper airway...

asthma is one of the most common chronic illnesses in childhood with an increased rate of hospitalization. in order to detemine the considerable factors for hospitalization of asthmatic children in our patients, we carried out a retrospective study of children with asthma who were admitted to children medical center affiliated to tehran university of medical sciences over a 3 year period ( 1993...

chronic granulomatous disease represents a group of inherited disorders of phagocytic system wherein recurrent infections are seen at different sites especially in the respiratory system. to determine the clinical spectrum of respiratory manifestations in chronic granulomatous disease patients, in this retrospective study, we used data from iranian primary immunodeficiency registry. the diagnos...

Eventration of the diaphragm is a condition characterized by an attenuated but otherwise intact diaphragm. Twenty patients (age range: 2 days to 11 years) were treated for eventration of the diaphragm during a ten year period (19 85-1995). There were 11 girls and 9 boys with a mean gestational age of 37 weeks. 14 patients were born with cephalic presentation, 3 patients with breech deliver...

eventration of the diaphragm is a condition characterized by an attenuated but otherwise intact diaphragm. twenty patients (age range: 2 days to 11 years) were treated for eventration of the diaphragm during a ten year period (19 85-1995). there were 11 girls and 9 boys with a mean gestational age of 37 weeks. 14 patients were born with cephalic presentation, 3 patients with breech delivery and...

Polysomnography (PSG) has been extensively studied for sleep staging, where sleep stages are usually classified as wake, rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, or non-REM (NREM) sleep (including light and deep sleep). Respiratory information has been proven to correlate with autonomic nervous activity that is related to sleep stages. For example, it is known that the breathing rate and amplitude durin...

`The early growth response 2 transcription factor, Egr2, establishes a population of brainstem neurons essential for normal breathing at birth. Egr2-null mice die perinatally of respiratory insufficiency characterized by subnormal respiratory rate and severe apneas. Here we bypass this lethality using a noninvasive pharmacogenetic approach to inducibly perturb neuron activity postnatally, and a...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients have a high frequency of arousals. We hypothesized that arousals significantly influence tonic sympathetic nervous system function. DESIGN We examined the association of 11 variables measuring sympathetic activity, including plasma norepinephrine (NE), urinary NE, and BP measurements, with movement and cortical arousals. PATIENTS Sixty-...

The diaphragm is a flat muscle sheet and it is the biggest respiratory muscle. It is alone responsible for most of the volume changes during quiet, and to a somewhat lesser degree, during forced respiration. The quantification of true diaphragmatic motion is challenging, but at the same time a promising field of investigation in MRI of the lung. Compared to CT, MR imaging involves longer acquis...

Background: Respiratory motion causes thoracic movement and reduces targeting accuracy in radiotherapy. Objective: This study proposes an approach to generate a model to track lung tumor motion by controlling dynamic multi-leaf collimators. Material and Methods: All slices which contained tumor were contoured in the 4D-CT images for...