The temporal relations among list items exert a powerful influence on episodic memory retrieval. For example, in free recall, participants exhibit marked recency and contiguity effects: temporal proximity of an item to the time of test and temporal proximity of an item to the justrecalled item both serve to promote retrieval. Previous research has focused on the serial position curve as a means...

According to the comparator process hypothesis (Matute, Arcediano, & Miller, 1996), cue competition in the learning of between-events relationships arises if the judgement required involves a comparison between the probability of the outcome given the target cue and the probability of the outcome given the competing cue. Alternatively, other associative accounts (the Rescorla-Wagner model: Resc...

Elastic optical networks (EONs) have been pointed out as a promising candidate for transporting data with high transmission rates in adaptive optical networks. Consequently, the occurrence of a failure in a simple element may cause the interruption of various services. Survival mechanisms have been crucial to try to overcome the problems created by possible failures. In this paper, we propose a...

Two experiments using rats show the effects of introducing response-reinforcer contiguity on a modified recycling conjunctive fixed-time 30 s fixed-ratio 1 schedule of food reinforcement. In Experiment 1, the frequency of programmed contiguity was varied across conditions. The general finding was an increase in overall rate of responding for all rats when the incidence of obtained cont iguity w...

The contiguity effect, the finding that participants organize recalled items in terms of their temporal position on a study list, is a near-ubiquitous feature of studies of free recall. The robustness of this effect to substantial inter-item distraction is thought to reflect the utilization of a retrieval cue that changes slowly as the participant studies items, as well as when they process the...