An arborescence, which is a directed analogue of spanning tree in an undirected graph, one the most fundamental combinatorial objects digraph. In this paper, we study arborescences digraphs from viewpoint reconfiguration, field where reachability between two configurations some via specified operations. Especially, consider reconfiguration problems for time-respecting arborescences, were introd...

radio frequency identification (rfid) applications have spread all over the world. in order to provide their security and privacy, researchers proposed different kinds of protocols. in this paper, we analyze the privacy of a new protocol, proposed by yu-jehn in 2015 which is based on electronic product code class1 generation 2 (epc c1 g2) standard. by applying the ouafi_phan privacy model, we s...

This paper explores the knowledge and understanding of cyberethics held by preservice teachers across three European countries. The study was conducted via an online survey yielded a total 1,131 responses from in Spain, Norway, Malta. facets included this were specifically related to behaving responsibly online, safeguarding privacy, respecting copyright, seeking consent third parties before po...