The reduced capacity of insulin to stimulate glucose transport into skeletal muscle, termed insulin resistance, is a primary defect leading to the development of prediabetes and overt type 2 diabetes. Although the etiology of this skeletal muscle insulin resistance is multifactorial, there is accumulating evidence that one contributor is overactivity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Angio...

The present study was conducted to assess the effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the levels of oxidative stress, muscle damage, and inflammatory markers after acute resistance exercise in young athletes. In a randomized double-blind design, twenty subjects were divided into two equal groups; each subject receiving three capsules per day (3000 mg) of either omega-3 or a plac...

OBJECTIVE Pathology associated with oxidative stress frequently results in insulin resistance. Glutathione (GSH) and GSH-linked metabolism is a primary defense against oxidative stress. Electrophilic lipid alkenals, such as 4-hydroxy-t-2-nonenal (4HNE), generated during oxidative stress are metabolized primarily to glutathione electrophile (GS-E) conjugates. Recent studies show that RLIP76 is t...

Animal studies and human epidemiological research suggest that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. But it is unclear how PM2.5 exposure might lead to systemic insulin resistance, the cause of type 2 diabetes. The authors of a new study in mice conclude that oxidative stress in the lungs may be an intermediate step between exposure to PM2...

Severe chronic stress can have a profoundly negative impact on the brain, affecting plasticity, neurogenesis, memory and mood. On the other hand, there are factors that upregulate neurogenesis, which include dietary antioxidants and physical activity. These factors are associated with biochemical processes that are also altered in age-related cognitive decline and dementia, such as neurotrophin...

Cells continuously produce free radicals and ROS as part of metabolic processes. These free radicals are neutralized by an elaborate antioxidant defense system consisting of enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and numerous non-enzymatic antioxidants, including vitamins A, E and C, glutathione, ubiquinone, and flavonoids. Exercise can cause an imbalance betwee...

BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is a common maternal disease that complicates 5 to 10% of pregnancies and remains as the major cause of maternal and neonatal mortality. Cost-effective interventions aimed at preventing the development of preeclampsia are urgently needed. However, the pathogenesis of PE is not well known. Multiple mechanisms such as oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and insu...