• Changes in employment, prices and social expenditures are three pathways linking trade and gender • Trade liberalisation may have positive or negative impacts, but there are risks for women • Trade reforms must be complemented by social and labour policies to ensure that women can take full advantage of the new economic environment L inks between trade, growth and poverty reduction are under ...

tection and the expansion of provincial health information systems provided the optimal context for developing health information access and privacy legislation. Manitoba’s Personal Health Information Act (PHIA) was thus enacted on December 11, 1997. PHIA was the first law of its kind in Canada and was developed with a view to interpreting internationally accepted fair information principles fo...

As taxation is one of the key public policy domains influencing population health, and as there is a legal, strategic, and programmatic basis for health impact assessment (HIA) in Finland, we analyzed all 235 government bills on tax legislation over the years 2007–2014 to see whether the health impacts of the tax bills had been assessed. We found that health impacts had been assessed for 13 bil...

Effective implementation and enforcement of legislation is essential to ensure animal welfare. In the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) European Region the well-established body of national and European Union laws in existence is growing continuously. The growth is due to various factors, such as new technology in animal farming and experimentation, exploitation of wildlife, new unders...

In July 2009, the Obama Administration proposed legislation that would create a Consumer Financial Protection Agency (“CFPA”). Among other items, the proposed legislation would eliminate federal preemption of state consumer protection laws, which would encourage states to reintroduce a scattering of local rules and regulations. Federal rules promulgated by the newly created Consumer Financial P...

Countries routinely sign bilateral and multilateral treaties that oblige them to abide by their terms.Ratification of the international treaty requires common law countries should incorporate into domestic law. English serves as foundation for Pakistan's legislation governing reception treaties. The rationale system typically does not directly but separate enabling so there be no conflicting le...

The system and essence of main international acts in the field punishments executing, their relationship with national law are analyzed article. problems implementation further using practice outlined. It is determined that cooperation finds legal expression recommendatory provisions acts, which should not be ignored, although such each state due to its special socio-economic, political, nation...

Recent high profile incidents and public debates in the United States have highlighted the increasing interest residents have regarding animal rearing and handling practices. This paper examines resident support for national legislation that mirrors Proposition 2, which in November 2008 passed in California. Results suggest perceptions regarding animal welfare information accuracy of livestock ...

The Scottish Parliament recently passed legislation on integrating healthcare and social care to improve the quality and outcomes of care and support for people with multiple and complex needs across Scotland. This ambitious legislation provides a national framework to accelerate progress in person-centred and integrated care and support for the growing number of people who have multiple physic...

OBJECTIVE To conduct a situation analysis of the status of mental health care in Ghana and to propose options for scaling up the provision of mental health care. METHOD A survey of the existing mental health system in Ghana was conducted using the WHO Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems. Documentary analysis was undertaken of mental health legislation, utilizing the WHO Legislatio...