Crude rhizome extracts and volatile oils of Curcuma aromatica were evaluated for chemical composition and anti-mosquito potential, including larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activities against the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Chemical identification achieved by GC/MS analysis revealed that xanthorrhizol, 1H-3a, 7-methanoazulene and curcumene at 35.08 and 13.65%, 21.81 and 30.02%, and 13.75 and...

Many bioactive products from benthic invertebrates mediating ecological interactions have proved to reduce predation, but their mechanisms of action, and their molecular identities, are usually unknown. It was suggested, yet scarcely investigated, that nutritional quality interferes with defensive metabolites. This means that antifeedants would be less effective when combined with energetically...

Use of repellents seems to be most reliable method of personal protection against annoyance and infections associated with haematophagous insects. We have investigated the biting activity of Simulium and tested the repellency of five essential oils extracted from Homalomena aromatica Schott (Alismatales: Araceae), Pogostemon heyneanus Bentham (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), Citrus aurantifolia Swingle (...

Polyphagous molluscs such as H elix pom atia and Arion rufus generally do not feed on plants containing alkaloids. O f 19 species tested 10 species were totally avoided, the other 9 species were less attacked than Lactuca sativa, which was readily taken. Plants containing quinolizidine alkaloids were studied in detail. Those species with the a-pyridone alkaloids cytisine and N-methylcytisine we...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The evolution of insecticide-resistance in malaria vectors is emerging as a serious challenge for the control of malaria. Modelling the spread of insecticide-resistance is an essential tool to understand the evolutionary pressures and dynamics caused by the application of insecticides. METHODOLOGY We developed a population-genetic model of the spread of insecticide-r...

We conducted field trials to compare the relative repellent activity of two natural product compounds (nootkatone and carvacrol) with commercially available plant-derived (EcoSMART organic insect repellent) and permethrin-based (Repel Permanone) repellents against adult Ixodes scapularis Say and Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) by using treated coveralls. One day after treatment, noo...

Superhydrophobic (SH) materials are essential for a myriad of applications such as anti-icing and self-cleaning due to their extreme water repellency. A single, robust material simultaneously possessing melt-coatability, bulk water repellency, self-cleanability, self-healability, self-refreshability, and adhesiveness has been remaining an elusive goal. We demonstrate a unique class of melt-proc...

The behavioral responses ofthree colonized strains of Culex quinquefasciatus, two from recent field collections in Thailand (Nonthaburi and Mae Sot) and one from a long-established colony from the National Institute of Health (NIH), Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, were compared during and after exposure to deltamethrin (0.02 g/m2), propoxur (0.2 g/m2), and fenitrothion (0.2 g/m2) using an ...

DEET and IR3535 are insect repellents present worldwide in commercial products; their efficacy has been mainly evaluated in mosquitoes. This study compares the toxicological effects and the behavioral responses induced by both repellents on the blood-sucking bug Triatoma infestans Klug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), one of the main vectors of Chagas disease. When applied topically, the Median Lethal ...

The insect repellents 3535 (ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate or IR3535) and deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) were prepared as 20% solutions in absolute ethanol and evaluated for repellency against many mosquito species in Thailand under laboratory and field conditions using human subjects. In the laboratory, 0.1 ml was applied per 30-cm2 of exposed area on a volunteer's forearm (0.66-0.67 m...