The cervical facet joints are a source of pain in some chronic whiplash patients. Clinical data show that a head-turned posture increases the severity and duration of whiplash-related symptoms. The objective of this study was to quantify strains in the facet capsule during whiplash-like loading with an axial intervertebral pre-torque simulating an initial head-turned posture. These strains were...

Inflicted brain injury is associated with widespread traumatic axonal injury (TAI) and subdural hematoma and is the leading cause of death in infants and children. Anesthetized 3-5-day-old piglets were subjected to either a single (n = 5) or double (n = 6, 15 min apart) rapid (<15 msec), non-impact, axial rotations of the head. Peak rotational velocities (averaging 172 rad/sec for single and 13...

BACKGROUND We hypothesized that using a cadaveric Lisfranc ligamentous injury model, abduction stress would provoke greater post-injury motion than axial weightbearing between the medial cuneiform (MC1) and the base of the second metatarsal (MT2). Second, we hypothesized that both a tensioned suture-button device and a rigid screw fixation method could maintain a reduction and similarly restrai...

In this study we test the hypotheses that mechanical bone strength in elderly individuals displays substantial heterogeneity among clinically relevant skeletal sites, that ex situ dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provides better estimates of bone strength than in situ DXA, but that a site-specific approach of bone densitometry is nevertheless superior for optimal prediction of bone failur...

STUDY DESIGN Twelve Cadisc-L devices were subjected to flexion (0°-6°) and extension (0° to -3°) motions at compressive loads between 500 N and 2000 N at a flexural rate between 0.25°/s and 3.0°/s. OBJECTIVE To quantify the change in flexural properties of the Cadisc-L (elastomeric device), when subjected to increasing magnitudes of axial load and at different flexural rates. SUMMARY OF BAC...

Design of foundations in earthquake prone areas needs special considerations. Shallow foundations may experience a reduction in bearing capacity and increase in settlement and tilt due to seismic loading. The reduction in bearing capacity depends on the nature and type of soil and ground acceleration parameters. In the case of piles, the soil-pile behavior under earthquake loading is generally ...

• The fifth objective of the AASHO Road Test was as follows: "To develop instrumentation, test procedures, data, graphs and formulas which will reflect the capabilities of the various test sections; and which will be helpful in future highway design in the evaluation of the loadcarrying capabilities of existing highways and determining the most promising areas of further highway research." It w...

or intact muscle. End-systolic pressure-volume relations of frog hearts have been found to be load dependent, whereas those of the mammal are relatively load independent. On the other hand, myocardial relaxation as studied at the muscle level is load independent in the frog but markedly load dependent in the mammal. Interpretation of these studies is complicated because of the unknown contribut...

PURPOSE Despite a paucity of evidence, prevention guidelines typically advise avoidance of heavy lifting in an effort to protect against breast cancer-related lymphedema. This study compared acute responses in arm swelling and related symptoms after low- and heavy-load resistance exercise among women at risk for lymphedema while receiving adjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy. METHODS This is a ...

&nbsp;The existence and non-existence of trend-resistant repeated measurement designs are investigated. Two families of efficient/optimal repeated measurement designs which are very popular among experimenters are shown to be trend-resistant or trend-resistant with respect to treatments.