We provide evidence that long-term relationships between trading parties emerge endogenously in the absence of third party enforcement of contracts and are associated with a fundamental change in the nature of market interactions. Without third party enforcement, the vast majority of trades are initiated with private offers and the parties share the gains from trade equally. Low effort or bad q...

Background: Electronic transactions are another form of transactions that are done through electronic tools such as mobile phones, computers, tablets, etc. Considering the synchronization of Iranchr('39')s economic system with the world and meeting the needs of the day, ensuring the correct conclusion of electronic transactions with the correct and ethical use of options is explored. The presen...

Due to the involvement of a large number intermediaries across different time zones in correspondent banking process, existing interbank payment systems cannot provide cost-effective cross-border transactions. They also suffer from lack transparency and long transaction delays. These issues can be solved by designing cryptocurrency an auditable manner using permissioned blockchain where group a...

the main purpose of this paper is to apply of islamic transactions rules on iran capital market contracts by studying the economic actions of the individuals in tehran stock market. based on the theories of four major islamic laws, i.e., no damage rule, gaining from invalid activities rule, peril rule and usury rule; the basic islamic assumptions is drawn in order to testify in the capital mark...

Inspired by Bitcoin, many different kinds of cryptocurrencies based on blockchain technology have turned up the market. Due to special structure blockchain, it has been deemed impossible directly trade between traditional currencies and or types cryptocurrencies. Generally, trading is conducted through a centralized third-party platform. However, problem single point failure, which vulnerable a...

The present research focuses on the party related drinking behaviors of college students and explores the differences in these behaviors based on students' host status (i.e. party host vs. party attendee). Furthermore, we examine if the differences in party hosts and attendees' drinking behaviors vary as a function of the party location (on-campus vs. off-campus). Multiple regression analyses w...

Based on the perspective of transaction cost politics, corruption is essentially a political process, and development complex networks stems to certain extent from protection provided by informal rules corrupt transactions. These implementation mechanisms include first-party governance based normative trust, mutual stable constraint relations, independent third-party for agency fees, so on. Div...

Development of information technology has a positive impact on improving the economy, one which is transactions via internet where person can make sale and purchase agreement without having to meet face considering very long distance between two parties. The role Notary demanded be able participate in development information, because an electronic transaction it possible for intervention as tru...