Evidence suggests that patients suffer the painful symptoms of dentine hypersensitivity when dentine is exposed and the dentinal tubule system is opened to the oral cavity to allow stimuli to trigger a neural response in the pulp via a hydrodynamic mechanism. The processes needed to localise lesions of dentine hypersensitivity include loss of enamel and/or gingival recession. Whilst tooth brush...

We have developed a method and prototype program, called carter, that assists two experts in agreeing on what knowledge should go into a single, consensus knowledge base, i.e., a knowledge base that reeects the best judgment of each of them. We show that consensus building can be eeectively facilitated by a debugging approach that identiies, explains, and resolves diierences in the knowledge of...

The continuous battle for survival in the environment has led to the development or acquisition of sophisticated defence systems in bacteria. These defence systems have contributed to the survival of the bacterial species in the environment for millions of years. Some systems appear to have evolved in a number of pathogenic bacteria towards a role in virulence and host immune evasion. Recently,...

background: foot ulceration is one of the most common complications associated with diabetes that needs to be managed. in iran, prevalence of diabetes foot ulcer is 3%. according to studies, evidence‑based nursing (ebn) is an effective alternative to facilitate clinical decision making in patient care and may lead to quality improvement in nursing practice. the aims of this study are to assess ...

The cap is widely accepted to be the site of gravity sensing in roots because removal of the cap abolishes root curvature. Circumstantial evidence favors the columella cells as the gravisensory cells because amyloplasts (and often other cellular components) are polarized with respect to the gravity vector. However, there has been no functional confirmation of their role. To address this problem...

Considerable circumstantial evidence has accrued from both experimental animal and human clinical studies that support a role for omega-3 fatty acids (FA) in the prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Direct evidence from animal studies has shown that omega-3 FA inhibit ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induced carcinogenic expression. In contrast, increasing levels of dietary omega-6 FA incr...

GB is a zwitterionic, fully N-methyl-substituted derivative of Gly that is found in a large variety of microorganisms, higher plants, and animals (Rhodes and Hanson, 1993). At high concentrations, GB does not interfere with cytoplasmic functions and it efficiently stabilizes the structure and function of many macromolecules. Thus, it belongs to a group of compounds that are known collectively a...

A close examination of the coral disease literature reveals many hypothesized mechanisms for how coral disease may be linked to climate change. However, evidence has been largely circumstantial, and much uncertainty remains. Here, I review the latest information on both the predicted effects of climate change in coastal marine ecosystems and current research on coral-pathogen dynamics in relati...