Prior behavioral work has shown that selective restudy of some studied items leaves recall the other unaffected when lag between study and is short, but improves prolonged. The beneficial effect been attributed to context retrieval, assuming reactivates at thus provides a retrieval cue for (Bäuml, 2019 ). Here results two experiments are reported, in each which subjects list then, after short 2...

Orexinergic signalling is critical to drug relapse-like behaviour; however, the CNS sites(s) of action remain unknown. Two candidate brain regions are the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). We assessed the effect of intra-PVT or -VTA administration of the orexin-1 receptor (OrxR1) antagonist SB-334867 on discriminative cue-induced cocaine-seeking. Animals received ...

background it has been elucidated that berberis vulgaris (barberry) can alleviate morphine withdrawal syndrome. also it has been reported that aqueous extract of barberry possibly have inhibitory effect on nmda receptors. objectives in this study, we decided to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of b. vulgaris fruit on morphine tendency in mice using conditioned place preference (cpp) meth...

The current study investigated whether gradually reducing the frequency of aversive stimuli during extinction can prevent the return of fear. Thirty-one participants of a three-stage procedure (acquisition, extinction and a reinstatement test on day 2) were randomly assigned to a standard extinction (SE) and gradual extinction (GE) procedure. The two groups differed only in the extinction proce...

Dung’s theory of abstract argumentation frameworks [8] led to the formalization of various argument-based semantics, which are actually particular forms of dealing with the issue of reinstatement. In this paper, we re-examine the issue of semantics from the perspective of postulates. In particular, we ask ourselves the question of which (minimal) requirements have to be fulfilled by any princip...

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Developmental amnesia (DA) is associated with early hippocampal damage and subsequent episodic emerging in childhood alongside age-appropriate development of semantic knowledge. We employed fMRI to assess whether patients DA show evidence ‘cortical reinstatement’, a neural correlate memory, despite their amnesia. At study, 23 participants (5 patients) were presented words overlaid on scene or s...

The present research aimed to devise a test of source recognition that facilitates access information stored in memory. Therefore, we extended the standard source-monitoring paradigm, which items are presented source-neutral manner during test, by second, subsequent with reinstatement. In this second (i.e., words) were both study sources two speakers) consecutively such for originally studied w...

Cocaine addiction is a chronically relapsing brain disease, but its neural basis is not yet well understood. Clinical reports underscore the possible importance of associative processes for regulating at least some aspects of cocaine addiction. The present study reports the effects of reversible lidocaine-induced inactivation of rostral basolateral amygdala (rBLA) and caudal basolateral amygdal...

Environmental contexts previously associated with drug use provoke relapse to drug use in humans and reinstatement of drug seeking in animal models of drug relapse. We examined whether context-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking is mediated by activation of context-selected nucleus accumbens neurons. We trained rats to self-administer cocaine in Context A and extinguished their lever-press...