BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to determine whether medical students' recall of anatomy is lost when the student reaches clinical years, and whether a four month teaching of Anatomy in the pre-clinical years had any impact. METHODS A cross-sectional study, using a short answer type paper consisting of eight questions in anatomy was administered randomly to 5th, 6th and 7th year medical ...

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cements have a long and successful history of use for implant fixation, but suffer from a relatively low fracture and fatigue resistance which can result in failure of the cement and the implant. Fiber or particulate reinforcement has been used to improve mechanical properties, but typically at the expense of the pre-cured cement viscosity, which is critica...

In order to improve the bearing capacity of soft ground for the purpose of getting trafficability of construction vehicles, the reinforcement of geosynthetics for sand-mat layers on soft ground has often been used. As the strength of the geosynthetics increases, and the sand-mat system becomes stronger, the bearing capacity of sand-mat systems will be increased. The depths of geosynthetics, rei...

One of the major sources of lost capacity in all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) is the undesired transport (usually called crossover) of water and vanadium ions through the ion-exchange membrane. In this work, an experimental assessment of the impact of ion-exchange membrane properties on vanadium ion crossover and capacity decay of VRFBs has been performed. Two types of cationic membran...

construction of railway embankments on loose beds without using any methods of soil improvement (e.g. stone columns in silt and clay beds, deep soil mixing method, jet grouting and also using micropiles individually or in groups form) leads to  reduction of embankment slope gradient, which significantly increases the volume of soil operation. generally, micropile as a reinforcing element with t...

Particle reinforced composite materials can be characterized as having electrical conductive properties due to their fillers’ material behavior. The paper aims to present a virtual instrumentation layout (Labview design) to aid electrical resistivity changes measurements for iron reinforced polymeric composite samples subjected to an external stress state. A LabJack U12 acquisition board will a...

The models surveyed include generalized Pólya urns, reinforced random walks, interacting urn models, and continuous reinforced processes. Emphasis is on methods and results, with sketches provided of some proofs. Applications are discussed in statistics, biology, economics and a number of other areas. AMS 2000 subject classifications: Primary 60J20, 60G50; secondary 37A50.

Functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) reinforced quaternized poly(ether ether ketone) membranes were prepared for high temperature proton exchange membrane applications. The introduction of FGO significantly improved the mechanical strength and oxidative stability of these membranes at a high doping level. These reinforced membranes showed high tensile strength up to 40 MPa and high proton conduc...

Lightweight composites are preferred for automotive applications due to the weight restrictions and also due to the presence of inherent voids that can enhance the sound absorption of these composites. The density of the reinforcing materials plays a crucial role in such lightweight composites. Milkweed is a unique natural cellulose fiber that has a completely hollow center and low density (0.9...

Damage constitutive models based on micromechanical formulation and a combination of micromechanical and macromechanical damage criterions are presented to predict progressive damage in aligned and random fiber-reinforced composites. Progressive interfacial fiber debonding models are considered in accordance with a statistical function to describe the varying probability of fiber debonding. Bas...