[1] The ISUAL gigantic jets (GJs) are categorized into three types from their generating sequence and spectral properties. Generating sequence of the type I GJs resembles that reported previously; after the fully developed jet (FDJ) established the discharge channel, the ISUAL photometers registered a peak that was from a return‐stroke‐like process. The associated ULF (ultra‐low‐frequency) sfer...

We study the long-term evolution of relativistic jets in collapsars and examine the effects of viewing angle on the subsequent gamma ray bursts. We carry out a series of high-resolution simulations of a jet propagating through a stellar envelope in 2D cylindrical coordinates using the FLASH relativistic hydrodynamics module. For the first time, simulations are carried out using an adaptive mesh...

Transverse stratification is a common intrinsic feature of astrophysical jets. There is growing evidence that jets in radio galaxies consist of a fast low density outflow at the jet axis, surrounded by a slower, denser, extended jet. The inner and outer jet components then have a different origin and launching mechanism, making their effective inertia, magnetization, associated energy flux and ...

The eddy-driven jet is located in the midlatitudes, bounded on one side by the pole and often bounded on the opposite side by a strong Hadley-driven jet. This work explores how the eddy-driven jet and its variability persist within these limits. It is demonstrated in a barotropic model that as the jet is located at higher latitudes, the leading mode of variability of the jet changes from a meri...

High voltage power was used to produce jet in electrospinning. It was very difficult to study electrospinning jets by experiment, because they have high-speed and complex movements in the high-voltage electrostatic field, and the diameter of jet was very small. In this study, the software of finite element analysis was used to simulate the formation process of a stable jet in electrospinning. T...

Inclusive particle production in quark and gluon jets classiied via energy-ordering has been investigated in 3-jet events at the Z 0 pole. The events were selected using various jet nding algorithms. The jets with higher energies were assumed to be quark jets and the jet with lowest energy to be the gluon jet. Using the same jet nder a similar energy dependence of jet purities has been found fo...

Direct numerical simulation is used to study passive scalar transport and mixing in a round turbulent jet, in a laminar crossflow. The ratio of the jet velocity to that of the crossflow is 5.7, the Schmidt number of the scalar is 1.49, and the jet-exit Reynolds number is 5000. The scalar field is used to compute entrainment of the crossflow fluid by the jet. It is shown that the bulk of this en...

Jet lag is due to the misalignment of the internal circadian clock(s) with external time cues. For short stopovers (1–2 days) adapting the circadian system is not advised, and at present immediate circadian adaptation is virtually impossible. The use of short-term measures such as judicious naps, caffeine and short acting hypnotics to maintain alertness and sleep is preferred. For intermediate ...