INTRODUCTION Forkhead box p3 (FoxP3)-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been clearly implicated in the control of autoimmune disease in murine models. In addition, ectopic expression of FoxP3 conveys a Treg phenotype to CD4(+) T cells, lending itself to therapeutic use in the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we generated therapeutically active Tregs with an increa...

Fetomaternal tolerance has been shown to depend both on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and negative signals from the PD1-PDL1 costimulatory pathway. More recently, IL-17-producing T cells (Th17) have been recognized as a barrier in inducing tolerance in transplantation. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms of PDL1-mediated regulation of fetomaternal tolerance using an alloantigen-specific C...

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCa) are a heterogeneous population of cells that promote an immunosuppressive environment in tumor-bearing hosts. Recently, B7-H1 signaling has been reported to be critical for the maintainancer of regulatory T cells (Tregs), another immunosuppressive cell population. Here, we discuss the immunosuppressive function of B7-H1 on MDSCs, and the functional cross...

background: atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disorder with chronic inflammatory conditions in which immune cells play a significant role in its pathogenic process. regulatory t cells (treg), as a part of immune system, are involved in controlling autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. quantitative and/or functional alteration of tregs has been shown to play an atheroprotective role and may al...

The beneficial effects of probiotics have been described in many diseases, but the mechanism by which they modulate the immune system is poorly understood. In this study, we identified a mixture of probiotics that up-regulates CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs). Administration of the probiotics mixture induced both T-cell and B-cell hyporesponsiveness and down-regulated T helper (Th) 1, ...

CD4 CD25 Foxp3 T cells are regulatory/ suppressor cells (Tregs) that include nonantigen (Ag)–specific as well as Agspecific Tregs. How non–Ag-specific naive CD4 CD25 Treg develop into specific Tregs is unknown. Here, we generated adaptive Tregs by culture of naive CD4 CD25 Foxp3 T cells with allo-Ag and either interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-4. Within days, IL-2 enhanced interferonreceptor (Ifn r) a...

Recent efforts have concentrated on approaches to expand and "specify" human regulatory T cells (Tregs) and to apply them to modulate adverse immune responses in autoimmunity and hemophilia. We have used retroviral transduction of specific T-cell receptor, single chain Fv, or antigen domains in Tregs to achieve this goal. Each of these approaches have advantages and disadvantages. Results with ...

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) that expand in human colon cancer express retinoid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and exert potent T-cell suppressive functions while mediating pro-inflammatory effects. Similar Tregs expand and drive a vicious cycle of inflammation in murine polyposis. Targeting RORγt in Tregs interrupts such a cycle and protects mice against polyposis, suggesting that a similar ...

Natural regulatory T cells (Tregs) are present in high frequencies among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and in draining lymph nodes, supposedly facilitating tumor development. To investigate their role in controlling local immune responses, we analyzed intratumoral T cell accumulation and function in the presence or absence of Tregs. Tumors that grew in normal BALB/c mice injected with the 4T1 ...

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent a major obstacle of cancer immunotherapy. We reviewed here our discovery that Class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition can functionally target Tregs and help break the immune tolerance. We also discuss the effects of different classes of HDAC inhibitors on Tregs and the underline mechanisms, which may have a direct impact on designing cancer immunothera...