The Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act (TURA) has achieved significant reductions in toxic chemical use in Massachusetts, using a combination of regulatory and voluntary measures. Historically the program has regulated only users of relatively large quantities of toxic chemicals, with services provided to facilities of all sizes on a voluntary basis. Statutory amendments adopted in 2006 cre...

More than half of the population of the United States uses “dietary supplements.” The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) (P.L. 103-417) set up a unique regulatory framework in an attempt to strike the right balance between providing consumers access to dietary supplements that they may choose to use to help maintain and improve their health, and giving FDA the necessary...

This manuscript examines the relationship between political veto points, credible commitments and regulatory compliance costs. We extend the work on credible commitments in comparative political economy and apply this framework to environmental compliance costs in the American states. Our central purpose is to assess whether different types of political veto points credibly constrain regulatory...

This paper focuses on a type of voluntary pollution abatement agreement (VA) in which the regulator offers regulatory relief for the participating firm in exchange for environmental improvements. If the regulator does not have statutory authority to provide regulatory relief, the VA can leave the firm more vulnerable to legal challenges through citizen lawsuits. I use a model of negotiated VAs ...

On June 12, 2009, the United States Congress passed the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (S. 982), granting the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authority regulating tobacco products. The idea of FDA regulation of tobacco has broad [1], but not unanimous, support among medical and public health professionals. This law has many strengths (Table 1): it grants the FDA general...

Externalities and uncertainty play an important role in the design of regulatory policies. Regulatory tools must be selected while taking into consideration side-effects that regulated products or services have on other individuals environment. This study investigates externalities arise from use genome editing (with specific reference to CRISPR technique) how they relate policy choices. Buildi...

The private regulation of agri-food value chains through sustainability standards has proliferated in recent decades, promising producers to differentiate themselves and gain preferential market access. However, a number producing countries, laws exist that mirror go beyond what labels demand. These countries have two options for placing their sustainable products the market: signal national sy...

The article examines the problems associated with determining legal status of self-regulatory organisations. In particular, based on analysis existing opinions, authors come to conclusion that organisations are a mixed nature, acting under certain conditions both as subjects public law and private law. functions carry out control measures in relation their members not alien On basis this taking...