The theory of protomodular categories provides a simple and general context in which the basic theorems needed in homological algebra of groups, rings, Lie algebras and other non-abelian structures can be proved [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [9] [20]. An interesting aspect of the theory comes from the fact that there is a natural intrinsic notion of normal monomorphism [4]. Since any internal reflexi...

Ladders were introduced by Igusa and Todorov for the investigation of representation-finite artinian algebras and algebras over an algebraically closed field [7]. They prove a radical layers theorem [7] which exhibits the graded structure of Auslander-Reiten sequences. In a second article [8] they obtain a characterization of the Auslander-Reiten quivers of representation-finite artinian algebr...

The present study was conducted to investigate the existence of polymorphism at Kappa-casein (κ-CN) locus in the Nili-Ravi buffalo. A PCR-RFLP method was used to distinguish buffalo κ-CN alleles. The genotypes were confirmed through specific, clearly distinguishable DNA band pattern resulting from digestion with three selected restriction enzymes (HinfI, HaeIII and MaeII). Analysis of 163 anima...

Graph pattern matching is a central application in many fields. However, in many cases, the structure of the pattern can only be approximated and exact matching is then far too accurate. This work aims at proposing a CSP approach for approximate subgraph matching where the potential approximation is declaratively included in the pattern graph as optional nodes and forbidden edges. The model, co...

notions of strongly regular, regular and left(right) regular $gamma$−semigroupsare introduced. equivalent conditions are obtained through fuzzy notion for a$gamma$−semigroup to be either strongly regular or regular or left regular.

in this paper, the concept of k-regular fuzzy matrix as a general- ization of regular matrix is introduced and some basic properties of a k-regular fuzzy matrix are derived. this leads to the characterization of a matrix for which the regularity index and the index are identical. further the relation between regular, k-regular and regularity of powers of fuzzy matrices are dis- cussed.

A graph Γ with diameter d is strongly distance-regular if Γ is distanceregular and its distance-d graph Γd is strongly regular. The known examples are all the connected strongly regular graphs (i.e. d = 2), all the antipodal distanceregular graphs, and some distance-regular graphs with diameter d = 3. The main result in this paper is a characterization of these graphs (among regular graphs with...

We claim that monomorphisms in Sets and Groups are the usual injective maps and homomorphisms. First, suppose that f : A → B is a set injection and that fg = gh. Then for all c ∈ C, we have f(g(c)) = f(h(c)) implies g(c) = h(c) by injectivitiy. Hence g = h. Conversely, suppose f : A → B is not an injection. Then let f(a) = f(a′) for some a 6= a′ ∈ A. Then let g(c) = a and h(c) = a′ for all c ∈ ...

Introduction One of the fundamental properties of typical AIS is its monomorphism. The C-shaped scoliosis is a “pure” 3D deformation, while S-shaped form consists of two 3D curves, etc. Mathematical modeling has shown a steady sequence of forming units of 3D deformation. Real clinical manifestations in the initial period of development of typical AIS are identical to changes, predicted by mathe...