OBJECTIVES To evaluate high-dose barbiturates as a second-tier therapy for pediatric refractory intracranial hypertension complicating severe traumatic brain injury. DESIGN This is a retrospective cohort study of children with refractory intracranial hypertension treated with high-dose barbiturates. SETTING A single center level I pediatric trauma from 2001 to 2010. PATIENTS Thirty-six ch...

In 18 patients suffering from chronic renal failure (being haemodialysed three times weekly for 22.2 +/- 27.9 months), sensory conduction velocity and relative refractory period of the sural nerve were estimated immediately before and after dialysis. Before haemodialysis all but one patient had conduction velocities within the normal range (x +/- 2 SD), but 50% had prolonged refractory periods....

Measurements of the chronaxies and refractory periods with extracellular stimuli have been used to conclude that large diameter axons are responsible for the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS). We hypothesized that because action potential initiation by extracellular stimulation occurs in the axons of central nervous system (CNS) neurons, the chronaxies and refractory periods determined us...

Background: To investigate the efficacy of topical 0.1% tacrolimus in treating refractory vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Material and Methods: This prospective study included 20 patients with refractory VKC. Patients having refractory VKC were started with topical 0.1% tacrolimus eye drop twice daily. Changes in subjective symptoms and objective signs after treatment were evaluated. Results: Tota...

background: despite availability and administration of numerous antiepileptic drugs (aeds) nearly 15% of childhood epilepsy cases are resistant to treatment; in traditional medicine however nigella sativa l. (black seed) has been known for its anticonvulsant effects. materials and methods: in this double-blind clinical trial conducted on children with refractory epilepsy we administered the aqu...

conclusions this case highlights the fact that fhr and ghd may coexist, with possible masking effect of one on the other, thereby misleading the approach, posing large impacts on therapy, which has historically been a difficult challenge in fhr patients. introduction coincided familial hypophosphatemic rickets (fhr) and hypopituitarism is a rare condition. growth hormone deficiency (ghd) evalua...