Since the introduction of attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy for characterization materials, attempts have been made to relate measured reflectivity ( R ) absorption coefficient ? absorbing material interest. The common approach is limited low case under...

In order to achieve fast convergence and less computation for adaptive filters, a joint method combining a whitening process and the NLMS algorithm is a hopeful approach. One of them is to combine a lattice predictor and a transversal filter supervised by the NLMS algorithm. However, the filter coefficient adaptation is very sensitive to the reflection coefficient fluctuation. In this paper, th...

The purpose of this paper is to test the feasibility and affectivity of Bragg breakwaters on increasing wave energy by using wave conditions. The Bragg reflection phenomena will depend on the wavelength of surface waves and the spacing of the submerged breakwater. The spacing of the submerged breakwater is the most important parameter for designing a series of submerged breakwaters. In this pap...

After reviewing the basic physics of X-ray reflection in AGN, we present three case studies which illustrate the current state of X-ray reflection studies. For the low-luminosity AGN NGC 4258, we find that the iron line is much narrower than is typically found in higher luminosity AGN. We argue that this is evidence for either a truncated cold accretion disk (possibly due to a transition to an ...