The ability to monitor epistemic uncertainty is critical for selfdirected learning. However, we still know little about young children’s ability to detect uncertainty in their mental representations. Here we asked whether a spontaneous information gathering behavior – social referencing – is driven by uncertainty during early childhood. Children ages 2-5 completed a word-learning task in which ...

We conducted a case-referent study of the effect of exposure to bisphenol-A on fetal growth in utero in full-term, live-born singletons in Alberta, Canada. Newborns <10 percentile of expected weight for gestational age and sex were individually matched on sex, maternal smoking and maternal age to referents with weight appropriate to gestational age. Exposure of the fetus to bisphenol-A was esti...

In this paper a discussion on multimodal referent resolution is presented. The discussion is centered on the analysis of how the referent of an expression in one modality can be found whenever the contextual information required for carrying on such an inference is expressed in one or more different modalities. In particular, a model for identifying the referent of a graphical expression when t...

In auditory warning design the idea of the strength of the association between sound and referent has been pivotal. Research has proceeded via constructing classification systems of signal-referent associations and then testing predictions about ease of learning of different levels of signal-referent relation strength across and within different types of auditory signal (viz., speech, abstract ...

AIMS The aim of this study was to examine the association between socioeconomic status, blood pressure (BP) progression, and incident hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS We included 27 207 female health professionals free of hypertension and cardiovascular disease at baseline. Participants were classified into five education and six income categories. The main outcome variables were BP progress...

In this paper, we propose a dynamic theory of beliefsharing which dens with certain processes of forming and revising shared beliefs during cooperative dialogues. Since Clark & MarshNl(1981) the problem of determination of the referents of referring expressions has been discussed in relation to mutual knowledge. In natural language processing, there haw~ also been several studies treating this ...

Previous studies have demonstrated significant relationships among various cognitive variables such as negative cognition, self-efficacy, and social anxiety. Unfortunately, few studies focus on the role of cognition among youth, and researchers often fail to use domain-specific measures when examining cognitive variables. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine domain-specifi...

The goal of referent tracking is to create an ever-growing pool of data relating to the entities existing in concrete spatiotemporal reality. In the context of Electronic Healthcare Records (EHRs) the relevant concrete entities are not only particular patients but also their parts, diseases, therapies, lesions, and so forth, insofar as these are salient to diagnosis and treatment. Within a refe...

In two eye-tracking experiments the role of contrastive pitch accents during the on-line determination of referents was examined. In both experiments, German listeners looked earlier at the picture of a referent belonging to a contrast pair (red scissors, given purple scissors) when instructions to click on it carried a contrastive accent on the color adjective (L + H*) than when the adjective ...