BACKGROUND Changes to school food environments and practices that lead to improved dietary behavior are a powerful strategy to reverse the childhood obesity epidemic. OBJECTIVES To estimate the effects of school food environments and practices, characterized by access to competitive foods and beverages, school lunches, and nutrition promotion, on children's consumption of sugar-sweetened beve...

Because of difficulties in directly assessing root responses of mature forest trees exposed to atmospheric pollutants, we have used the model TREGRO to analyze the effects of a 3- and a 10-year exposure to ozone (O(3)) on root dynamics of a simulated 160-year-old sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) tree. We used existing phenological, allometric, and growth data to parameterize TREGRO to produc...

Cane sugar, sucrose, is a molecule composed of one unit of glucose and one of fructose. In the body, both the glucose and fructose are eventually burnt to produce carbon dioxide and water and provide energy that allows the body to maintain homeostasis. Other dietary macronutrients including other carbohydrates e.g. as in taro, fats, protein and alcohol are also be burnt to provide energy. There...

Results of a collaborative study are reported for the detection of added beet or cane sugar in maple syrup by the site-specific natural isotope fractionation-nuclear magnetic resonance (SNIF-NMR) method. The method is based on the fact that the deuterium content at specific positions of the sugar molecules is different in maple syrup from that in beet or cane sugar. The syrup is diluted with pu...

Sugar content is the major determinant of both fruit quality and consumer acceptance in melon (Cucumis melo L), and is a primary target for crop improvement. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from the intraspecific cross between a "Piel de Sapo" (PS) type and the exotic cultivar "Songwhan Charmi" (SC), and several populations generated from the cross of PS × Ames 24294 ("Trigonus"), a wild mel...

OBJECTIVES A physiological adaptation to a sugar-rich meal is achieved by increased sugar uptake to match dietary load, resulting from a rapid transient translocation of the fructose/glucose GLUT2 transporter to the brush border membrane (BBM) of enterocytes. The aim of this study was to define the contributors and physiological mechanisms controlling intestinal sugar absorption, focusing on th...

There is good evidence indicating that ion-transport pathways in the apical regions of lingual epithelial cells, including taste bud cells, may play a role in salt taste reception. In this article, we present evidence that, in the case of the dog, there also exists a sugar-activated ion-transport pathway that is linked to sugar taste transduction. Evidence was drawn from two parallel lines of e...

Habitat disturbance affects numerous ecosystem components and processes, but its effect on continuous soybean system is less available. Soybean was seeded following six preceding crops, including grain soybean (Glycine max L. Merill.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), corn (Zea mays L.) and hemp (Cannabis Satia L.), on a Mollisol ...

Abstract Protectionist policies have often relevant effects at the regional level. This paper analyzes impact of sugar import duties on emigration in nineteenth century Italy. Both for climatic reasons and nature soil, cultivation processing beets was geographically concentrated. Our theoretical model illustrates how a tariff that favours local producers may affect residents' incentives to migr...