Initiator integrated 3D printing, namely i3DP, was developed by incorporating a vinyl-terminated initiator into UV curable resin to make functional structural materials that enable genetic post-printing surface-initiated modification. Taking advantage of 3D printing and surface-initiated ATRP, the feasible i3DP makes 3D printed complex architectures possible for nearly any desired surface modif...

Photocatalytic lithography is proved for the realization of micropatterned polymer brushes. Initiator-functionalized titanium dioxide or silicon surfaces are respectively exposed directly to near-UV light through a photomask (direct approach) or through a transparent photoactive TiO2 film (remote approach). Initiator patterns are then amplified as polymer brushes with SI-ATRP. Features down to ...

one of the common methods to cure unsaturated polyester resins is to use dual initiators. in order to produce an appropriate composite, it is necessary to know the effect of dual initiators on curing behavior. in this paper the effect of benzoyl peroxide, bpo, and tertiary butyl perbenzoate, tbpb, and their mixtures on thermal curing of an unsaturated polyester resin have been investigated. bpo...

Apoptosis in response to TRAIL or TNF requires the activation of initiator caspases, which then activate the effector caspases that dismantle cells and cause death. However, little is known about the dynamics and regulatory logic linking initiators and effectors. Using a combination of live-cell reporters, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting, we find that initiator caspases are active during the...

5-Noncoding sequences have been tabulated for 211 messenger RNAs from higher eukaryotic cells. The 5'-proximal AUG triplet serves as the initiator codon in 95% of the mRNAs examined. The most conspicuous conserved feature is the presence of a purine (most often A) three nucleotides upstream from the AUG initiator codon; only 6 of the mRNAs in the survey have a pyrimidine in that position. There...

Members of the caspase family of proteases transmit the events that lead to apoptosis of animal cells. Distinct members of the family are involved in both the initiation and execution phases of cell death, with the initiator caspases being recruited to multicomponent signaling complexes. Initiation of apoptotic events depends on the ability of the signaling complexes to generate an active prote...

The polymerization of deoxynucleoside triphosphates, catalyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase from calf thymus gland, is strongly inhibited by various metal chelators. The reaction appears to be first order with respect to enzyme, deoxynucleoside triphosphate, and initiator, indicating that there is only one catalytic center for each enzyme molecule. The presence of metal chelator doe...

People often associate with others who share their hopes, aspirations, beliefs and experiences. This sense of belonging influences people when making friends be it physically or on social networks. Most of the existing matchmaking protocols just match-pair people without regards to the number of attributes they have in common. In lieu of these, we are proposing a hybrid matchmaking protocol tha...

Graft copolymerization of acrylamide (Am) onto rubberwood fibre (RWF) was carried out by free radical initiation. Ceric ammonium nitrate was used as an initiator system. The effects of temperature, dose of initiator, ratio of monomer to fibre, and nitric acid concentration, on the grafting percentage were investigated. The optimum reaction temperature was found to be about 50°C for 4h and with ...

Energy taxis encompasses aerotaxis, phototaxis, redox taxis, taxis to alternative electron acceptors, and chemotaxis to oxidizable substrates. The signal for this type of behavior is originated within the electron transport system. Energy taxis was demonstrated, as a part of an overall behavior, in several microbial species, but it did not appear as the dominant determinant in any of them. In t...