The calculation of heat consumption is based on the First Law and it gives quantitative information about the energy used in drying. However, it does not pay any attention to the quality of the energy used in drying. To take into account the quality of the energy, attention must be paid to the Second Law, too. Especially in those cases where the energy used in drying may be converted to mechani...

We have investigated whether rat motor nerve terminals with different in vivo activity patterns also have different vesicle trafficking characteristics. To do this, we monitored, using combined optical and electrical techniques, the rate of exocytosis (during different frequencies and patterns of activity), the releasable pool size, and the recycle time of synaptic vesicles in terminals on sole...

Municipalities worldwide are under increasing pressure to reduce the amount of solid waste ending up in landfills. One way of doing so is to increase household participation in recycling. Although existing research identifies several factors affecting household recycling behaviour, South Africa poses a unique situation with regard to attitudinal and spatial factors. Socio-political transformati...

From 60 decade  sustainability issues  and sustainable developing  have opened a way in scientific meetings associated with  environment and urbanization and architecture. Sustainability goals are improving of environment situation , less pollution  and at least interference on  land and interaction of  natural and artificial environment , that most of these cases attracted attention in archite...

Increased population growth, environmental emissions, water use, energy use, and consumption of various natural resources are some of the drivers that contribute to the current global challenges of rising sea-level, increased frequency and intensity of disasters, increased poverty, and increased health issues – all intricately linked directly and indirectly. Such challenges have been, and conti...

An elegant feature of emergy synthesis is its capability to integrate the diverse inputs required to operate a system into a single metric that represents the equivalent amount of energy of one type. However, integration also presents problems with 1) precise tracking of emergy flows from source to sink, 2) developing and estimating indices, 3) communicating results to non-emergy specialists, a...

Humanity is degrading multiple ecosystem services, potentially irreversibly. Two of the most important human impacts are excess agricultural nutrient loading in our fresh and estuarine waters and excess carbon dioxide in our oceans and atmosphere. Large-scale global intervention is required to slow, halt, and eventually reverse these stresses. Cultivating attached polyculture algae within contr...

In this study, the effect of recycling fuel cell products on the performance of a solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine (SOFC-GT) hybrid system was investigated. Three types of products recycling are considered: cathode products recycling (CPR), anode products recycling (APR), and both cathode and anode products recycling (BACPR). In the present work,   operating temperature and  limiting curre...

The installation of stationary super-capacitor energy storage system (ESS) in metro systems can recycle the vehicle braking energy and improve the pantograph voltage profile. This paper aims to optimize the energy management, location, and size of stationary super-capacitor ESSes simultaneously and obtain the best economic efficiency and voltage profile of metro systems. Firstly, the simulation...