BACKGROUND Among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) taking combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the impact of rectal sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on rectal HIV-1 shedding is unknown. METHODS Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA was quantified from rectal swabs collected for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis...

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is the integration of laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery techniques with flexible endoscopy technology. It has emerged as a promising new alternative to conventional minimal invasive surgery such as laparoscopic or robotic surgery. NOTES initially focused on a transgastric approach, but the technique remains experimental because of in...

Introduction Minimally invasive surgery for colorectal diseases has dramatically changed since the introduction of laparoscopic surgery. The frontline for minimally invasive surgery has further progressed since the advent of robotic surgery, with developments more pronounced for rectal cancers especially considering the perceived technological advantages of robotic surgery over the laparoscopic...

Rectal syphilis, known as a great masquerader, can be difficult to diagnose because of its variable symptoms. Gastroenterologists should be aware of the possibility of rectal syphilis when confronted with anorectal ulcers, and should gather a detailed history about sexual preferences and practices, including homosexuality. We report a case of primary rectal syphilis mimicking rectal cancer on r...

Tumors of the rectum can be primary or metasta-tic, as observed with the other organs. Primary cancer of the rectum is not rare and accounts for one-third of all cases of colorectal cancer. Invasion of a cancer originating from other pelvic organs might also be seen. Beyond malignant diseases, rectal polyps are reported with a prevalence of 7-50% in the general population, especially in older p...

Current practice and future perspectives in surgery for rectal prolapse Chapter 2 Evaluation and surgical treatment of rectal prolapse: An international survey. 19 Chapter 3 Laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for rectal prolapse and symptomatic rectocele: an analysis of 245 consecutive patients. 43 Chapter 5 Laparoscopic resection rectopexy versus laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for complete rectal ...

BACKGROUND The influence of rectal contractions on urination was examined using multichannel urodynamic study. METHODS We reviewed a total of 246 consecutive urodynamic studies. Each study consisted of a uroflow measurement and multi-channel urodynamic study, evaluating total vesical pressure, abdominal (rectal) pressure, subtracted detrusor pressure and perianal electromyography. Rectal cont...

through the anal canal. Precisely how a complete rectal prolapse develops is not thoroughly understood. Possible etiologies include a defect of the pelvic floor, redundant rectosigmoid colon, deep Douglas pouch, gender (female), psychiatric problems and nulliparity. Pathogenesis may involve a sliding hernia or a circumferential intussusception. Treatment of rectal prolapse can involve a variety...

Observations support the theory that development of left- and right-sided colorectal cancers may involve different mechanisms. This study investigated different genes involved in oncogenesis of colon and rectal cancers and analysed their prognostic value. The study group comprised 35 colon and 42 rectal cancers. Rectal cancer patients had been treated with standardized surgery performed by an e...

Rectal prolapse is a distressing condition associated with incontinence. However, incarcerated rectal prolapse is a rather rare entity. We had a 75-year-old man with irreducible rectal prolapse who required recto-perineal sigmoidectomy (Altemeier’s procedure) after failure of initial conservative treatment. Histology showed rectal tubulo villous adenoma with moderate to severe dysplasia. This c...