Grøstl is one of 14 second round candidates of the NIST SHA-3 competition. Cryptanalytic results on the wide-pipe compression function of Grøstl-256 have already been published. However, little is known about the hash function, arguably a much more interesting cryptanalytic setting. Also, Grøstl-512 has not been analyzed yet. In this paper, we show the first cryptanalytic attacks on reduced-rou...

In this article, we provide the first independent analysis of the (2-round tweaked) 256-bit version of the SHA-3 candidate SHAvite-3. By leveraging recently introduced cryptanalysis tools such as rebound attack or Super-Sbox cryptanalysis, we are able to derive chosen-related-salt distinguishing attacks on the compression function on up to 8 rounds (12 rounds in total) and free-start collisions...

Background. Relationships between antiretroviral (ART) adherence and virologic suppression are critical to understanding risk of treatment failure and drug resistance. Methods. We used objective monitors to collect adherence data on adults taking ART during 2005-2011. CD4 and viral load were collected quarterly. Our primary outcome was rebound HIV-1 RNA viremia, defined by a detectable viral lo...

OBJECTIVES The number of HIV-infected individuals from developed countries travelling to tropical and subtropical areas has increased as a result of the clinical and survival benefits of combination antiretroviral therapy. The aim of our study was to describe the traveler population in the SHCS and to determine the frequency of viral rebound in virologically suppressed individuals after a trave...

In this work, particle-wall interaction in viscoelastic fluids is experimentally studied. The effect of Stokes number, Weissenberg number and surface roughness on the rebound velocity of a colliding spherical particle on a wall is considered. Different steel spherical particles are released in viscoelastic solutions of different high-molecular-weight polymers in water with different concentrati...

We examine the design of regulatory policy to induce electric utilities to deliver the surplus-maximizing level of energy efficiency services, e∗. The rebound effect (whereby increased energy efficiency stimulates the demand for energy) typically renders revenue decoupling insufficient in this regard. The additional financial incentive required to induce e∗ is shown to vary with such factors as...

The extent to which adopting energy-efficient technologies results in energy savings depends on how such are used, and monetary from efficiency spent. Energy rebound occurs when potential diminished due post-adoption behaviour. Here we review empirical studies six behavioural regularities affect three energy-relevant decisions ultimately rebound: adoption of energy-saving products or practices,...

Barbiturate coma therapy (BCT) is a treatment option that is used for refractory intracranial hypertension after all other options have been exhausted. Although BCT is a brain protection treatment, it also has several side effects such as hypotension, hepatic dysfunction, renal dysfunction, respiratory complications and electrolyte imbalances. One less concerning but potentially life-threatenin...

The cerebellum refines the accuracy and timing of motor performance. How it encodes information to perform these functions is a major topic of interest. We performed whole cell and extracellular recordings of Purkinje cells (PCs) and cerebellar nuclei neurons (CNs) in vivo, while activating PCs with light in transgenic mice. We show for the first time that graded activation of PCs translates in...

This study was conducted to determine the incidence and magnitude of post-phototherapy bilirubin rebound in neonates. Subjects included inborn neonates needing phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia. Standard guidelines were used to start and stop phototherapy. Rebound bilirubin was measured 24+/-6 h after stopping phototherapy. Significant bilirubin rebound (SBR) was defined as post-phototherapy ...