Blood samples submitted to the Civil Aeromedical Institute (CAMI) from aviation accident fatalities are analyzed for carbon monoxide (CO), as carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), and hydrogen cyanide, as cyanide (CN(-)). These analyses are performed to establish possible exposure of victims to smoke from in-flight/post-crash fires or to CO from faulty exhaust/heating systems. The presence of both gases in...

Hazardous materials are defined to be the substances that can have harmful effects for human, environment and property. These risks exist due to the nature, the hazardous properties or the state of the above materials. Industrial needs as well as several human activities depend on the daily transportation of dangerous goods. The percentage of road accidents in which hazardous materials are invo...

Forest fires are one of the main causes of environmental degradation nowadays. Current surveillance systems for forest fires lack in supporting real-time monitoring of every point of a region at all times and early detection of fire threats. Solutions using wireless sensor networks, on the other hand, can gather sensory data values, such as temperature and humidity, from all points of a field c...

The energy efficiency of buildings drives the replacement traditional construction materials with lightweight insulating materials. However, energy-efficient but combustible insulation might contribute to building’s fire load. Therefore, it is necessary analyse reaction-to-fire properties various provide a better understanding designing fire-safe structure. In this study, tests were carried out...

A draft updated code of building fire safety in Hong Kong was just released in end September 2011. Effect of smoke toxicity on tenability limits was not yet specified clearly. Only temperature of smoke layer, visibility and carbon monoxide concentration were mentioned on specifying smoke effect on tenability limits. The necessity of specifying smoke toxicity on tenability limits properly is poi...

In this study, the amount of generated pool fire, as a result of the release of chemicals in the case of an accident in tunnels, was simulated and the results were compared to the experimental data. At first, various amounts of spatial resolution (R*) were considered to compare the existing experimental data at different heights at the upstream, downstream and above the pool fire...

The use of natural fibres as reinforcement in polymer composites has generated much interest in recent years due to environmental legislation and improvements on natural fibre performance and process-abilities. This research investigated the use of natural hemp fibre as reinforcement for the possibility of producing fibre reinforced Sheet Moulding Compounds (SMC) as an alternative to glass fibr...

A daunting mine disaster took place in 13 May 2014 at Soma and 301 men lost their lives. Brief information about the Eynez coal mine and some of the inherent characteristics of the field in terms of their effects on mining are presented. This paper basically concentrates on the factors that played an important role in the occurrence of this disaster. Progress of mine fire, firefighting, and res...

As the main reactor type of fourth-generation nuclear power systems, sodium-cooled fast reactors are now designed and built worldwide. A sodium pool cooling circulation process is indispensable in a reactor. However, fire design basis accidents reactors. The hazard caused by sodium–oxygen reaction safety have attracted extensive attention. Dry powder widely used as an effective fire-extinguishi...