Do voters reward national leaders who are more competent economic managers, or merely those who happen to be in power when the world economy booms? According to rational voting models, electors should parse out the state of the world economy when deciding whether to re-elect their national leader. I test this theory using data from 268 democratic elections held between 1978 and 1999, comparing ...

Economists know how to calculate optimal prices for electricity transmission. These are rarely applied in practice. This paper develops a thirteen node model, based on the transmission system in England and Wales, incorporating losses and transmission constraints. It is solved with optimal prices, and with uniform prices for demand and for generation, but re-dispatching to take account of trans...

A number of attitudinal expressions are identified and analyzed using dependency based syntactic analysis. A claim is made that attitudinal loading of lexical items is dynamic rather than lexical and that attitudinal loading of individual lexical items is acquired through their use in attitudinally loaded structures.

In th is paper I introduce a contrast between homomorphic and non-homomorphic ascript ions of informational content to representations. In the former case there is a mapping from the parts of the representation onto the constituents of the content. In the l a t t e r case, there is not; some of the constituents of the content are set t led bj background factors. I contrast th is d i s t i nc t ...

Auditory icons – or environmental sounds – have the potential to convey information by non-verbal means quickly and accurately. In addition, human listeners are quick to determine many qualities of an auditory object, such as location, distance, size, and motion, from acoustics of the signal. An experiment tests these two coupled assumptions in a controlled laboratory context. Stimuli consisted...

Research into the mechanisms regulating bacterial cell size has its origins in a single paper published over 50 years ago. In it Schaechter and colleagues made the observation that the chemical composition and size of a bacterial cell is a function of growth rate, independent of the medium used to achieve that growth rate, a finding that is colloquially referred to as 'the growth law'. Recent f...

This paper proposes to test the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth by including the impact of the share of military and civilian components of government expenditure in an economic growth model with endogenous technology. In this framework, we empirically consider the hypothesis of a nonlinear effect of military expenditure on economic growth. The comparison between c...

The re]ationship between bacterial cellulose production and growth was inyestigated and the production was found to be associated with growth. Thus, it was expected that enhanced growth would lead to enhanced cellulose production. On the other hand, factors which promote the growth of and cellulose production by Aeetobacter rytinnm subsp. suerqtlirmentans BPR2001 were investigated and it was fo...

Background Nigerian newborns face difficult childhood and adulthood with prevalent morbidities and resultant reduced lifeexpectancy tasking our practice and policy. We need clearer appreciation of disease induction from foetal origins with a ‘Critical Window’ in the life course for possible interventions. Disease Induction And Life Course Events Life course and events, from conception to death ...

Bone scintigraphy results were compared with changes shown on orthopantomographic radiographs in a patient with facial asymmetry, before, during, and after Herbst treatment, and followed up with control of growth activity in the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) after long-term retention. The present study showed that new bone formation (modelling) was initiated asymmetrically in TMJs during trea...