The repair of lesions and gaps in DNA follows different pathways, each mediated by specific proteins and complexes. Post-translational modifications in many of these proteins govern their activities and interactions, ultimately determining whether a particular pathway is followed. Prominent among these modifications are the addition of phosphate or ubiquitin (and ubiquitin-like) moieties that c...

Previously, we have demonstrated that human oxidative DNA glycosylase NEIL1 excises photoactivated psoralen-induced monoadducts but not genuine interstrand cross-links (ICLs) in duplex DNA. It has been postulated that the repair of ICLs in mammalian cells is mainly linked to DNA replication and proceeds via dual incisions in one DNA strand that bracket the cross-linked site. This process, known...

DNA-protein crosslinks are relatively common DNA lesions that form during the physiological processing of DNA by replication and recombination proteins, by side reactions of base excision repair enzymes, and by cellular exposure to bifunctional DNA-damaging agents such as platinum compounds. The mechanism by which pathological DNA-protein crosslinks are repaired in humans is not known. In this ...

XRCC1 (X-ray cross-complementing group 1) and ERCC2 (excision repair cross-complementing group 2) are two major DNA repair proteins. Polymorphisms of these two genes have been associated with altered DNA repair capacity and cancer risk. We have described statistically significant interactions between the ERCC2 polymorphisms (Asp312Asn and Lys751Gln) and smoking in lung cancer risk. In this case...

Genome maintenance is considered a prime longevity assurance mechanism as apparent from many progeroid human syndromes that are caused by genome maintenance defects. The ERCC1 protein is involved in three genome maintenance systems: nucleotide excision repair, interstrand cross-link repair, and homologous recombination. Here we describe in-life and post-mortem observations for a hypomorphic Erc...

Following the irradiation of nondividing yeast cells with ultraviolet (UV) light, most induced mutations are inherited by both daughter cells, indicating that complementary changes are introduced into both strands of duplex DNA prior to replication. Early analyses demonstrated that such two-strand mutations depend on functional nucleotide excision repair (NER), but the molecular mechanism of th...

abstract   background: different methods of surgical treatment for acromioclavicular(ac) joint injury were considered in the literature. the purpose of the study was to compare intra- articular ac repair technique with the extra-articular coracoclavicular repair technique for the patients with rockwood type iii and vac joint injury when indicated.   methods: nineteen consecutive patients with r...

BACKGROUND Barbed suture technology has shown promise in flexor tendon repairs, as there is an even distribution of load and the need for a knot is eliminated. We propose that a quick and simple, novel, barbed technique without any exposed barbs on the tendon surface has comparable strength and a smaller cross-sectional area at the repair site than traditional methods of repair. METHODS Forty...

in this case report, we described a 74-year-old female patient with major complaint of respiratory problemsdyspnea after meal. chest x-ray of the patient revealed a  gianttype iv hiatal hernia. preoperative evaluations of the patient included esophagoscopy, esophageal manometry, barium swallow, and ct-scan. repair of the hernia was performed using a dual mesh on the diaphragm and partial anteri...

During eukaryotic DNA interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair, cross-links are resolved ("unhooked") by nucleolytic incisions surrounding the lesion. In vertebrates, ICL repair is triggered when replication forks collide with the lesion, leading to FANCI-FANCD2-dependent unhooking and formation of a double-strand break (DSB) intermediate. Using Xenopus egg extracts, we describe here a replication-c...