Wastewater from the rubber industry that is not treated optimally can be one of causes environmental damage. Initial concentration COD waste liquid 711 mg/l and TSS 407 mg / l. Biosand Filter with activated carbon eliminate pathogenic bacteria by passing sand in filter will absorb organic substances. This study aims to determine effectiveness reduction, TSS, using a reactor BioSand dimensions u...

Two digging decapod crustaceans, the sand crab species Lepidopa benedicti and the mole crab species Emerita benedicti, both live in the swash zone of fine sand beaches. They were examined for two parasites that infect decapod crustaceans in the region, an unidentified nematode previously shown to infect L. benedicti, and cestode tapeworm larvae, Polypocephalus sp., previously shown to infect sh...

Eight waterworks in The Netherlands, which use surface water as their raw water source, were sampled repeatedly between November 1978 and June 1981. At five waterworks , 30 of 45 samples of raw water contained viruses. Of 55 samples of partially purified water, 11 were virus positive, including 8 after coagulation, sedimentation, and rapid sand filtration, 2 after storage, coagulation, sediment...

In this paper coarse media filtration has been analysed as an alternative to the traditional settling in primary, secondary and tertiary treatment of wastewater. Various filter media configurations were evaluated for enhanced primary filtration. It was found that a dual media configuration based on Kaldnes biofilm media (1 and K2modified) were most suitable when taking both separation efficienc...

The surveillance of prevalent Leishmania and sand fly species in endemic areas is important for prediction of the risk and expansion of leishmaniasis. In this study, we developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for detection of Leishmania minicircle DNA within individual sand flies. Using this method, we detected minicircle DNA in 6 (3.3%) of 183 sand flies, while 5 (3.5%) of 143...

The behaviour of sea anemones ranges from simple reflex activities which are complete within seconds to slow complex movements which last for several hours (Pantin, 1935a; Batham & Pantin, 1950; Robson, 19616; Ross & Sutton, 1961). While the latter are difficult to analyse, the withdrawal or protective responses are very rapid, can be consistently evoked by appropriate electrical stimuli, and h...

In order to reduce the time and the costs of the products development in the sand casting process, the SMC Colombier Fontaine company has carried out a study based on a tooling manufacturing with a new rapid prototyping process. This evolution allowed the adequacy of the geometry used for the simulation to the tooling employed physically in the production. This allowed a reduction of the wall t...