Previously, we conducted a roadside survey to reveal the occurrence of genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape along a Japanese roadside (Route 51). In this study, we performed successive and thorough fixed-route monitoring in 5 sections along another road (Route 23). Oilseed rape plants were detected on both sides of the road in each section between autumn 2009 and winter 2013, which included 3...

Background. China is the largest producer of rape oilseed in the world; however, the mechanization level of rape harvest is relatively low, because rape materials easily adhere to the cleaning screens of combine harvesters, resulting in significant cleaning losses. Previous studies have shown that bionic nonsmooth surface cleaning screens restrain the adhesion of rape materials, but the underly...

The feasibility of hyperspectral imaging with 400-1000 nm was investigated to detect malondialdehyde (MDA) content in oilseed rape leaves under herbicide stress. After comparing the performance of different preprocessing methods, linear and nonlinear calibration models, the optimal prediction performance was achieved by extreme learning machine (ELM) model with only 23 wavelengths selected by c...

This article presents some statistical methods for estimating the parameters of a population dynamics model for annual plants. The model takes account of reproduction, immigration, seed survival in a seed bank, and plant growth. The data consist of the number of plants in several developmental stages that were measured in a number of populations for a few consecutive years; they are incomplete ...

Sex is often conceptualized either as wanted and consensual or as unwanted and nonconsensual, reflecting an implicit model of wanting that is unidimensional and dichotomous and that conflates wanting and consenting. This study had three objectives: developing a multidimensional model for conceptualizing the wantedness of a sexual act, using this model to compare women's experiences with rape an...

This study examined whether the level of victim-offender relationship (VOR) moderated the relationship between peritraumatic fear and active resistance as well as the relationship between peritraumatic fear and posttraumatic stress symptom severity in a community sample of female rape survivors. One hundred thirty-five participants were interviewed about their emotional and behavioral responses...

Many countries in the 1970s introduced reforms in rape law with differing focus and extensiveness and along with these reforms, the descriptions of rape and sexual intercourse were broadened to include a series of sexual aggravated offenses such as the expansions of intercourse, which included oral and anal penetration in addition to vaginal penetration [1,2]. In England and Wales towards the l...

In the last decade a growing body of research has called attention to the consumption of alcohol as a factor contributing to the commission of rape. Rada, Amir, and Gebhard et al., have stressed the association between rape and alcoholism, although the estimated strength of that association (correlation) has varied widely. l.2.3,4,5 The purpose of this paper is to assess the contribution of alc...

A survey was conducted in 230 cases of rape and rape attempts heard in the Judicial District of Montreal between January 1975 and May 1978. Data were compiled from the 30 assaults including two or more assaillants. Results show that in cases of rape committed by two men the aggressors are older than gang rapists, meet the victim mainly in her flat or in a bar, and rape her in her own home, in a...

Sexual assault generates much attention in social research, but male victims are largely neglected by a predominantly feminist perspective that seeks to highlight the gendered nature of sexual assault as a social phenomenon. As a result there is a relative lack of empirical information on male rape; but it is possible to chart the theoretical development of male rape as a social problem as it e...