Abstract How do states distribute the burdens of collective defense? This paper develops a network theory burden sharing. We focus on bilateral defense cooperation agreements (DCAs), which promote in variety defense, military, and security issue areas. Using computational model, we show that DCA partners’ spending depends structure their agreements. In terms, DCAs increase by committing to acti...

most residences of the northern parts of golestan province, have historically used rooftop rainwater for drinking. its adoption rate and continued use have declined in recent years for various reasons. based on a survey of 380 cases, this research attempted to identify what factors are contributing to the adoption of these systems. the results demonstrated that the adoption changes in response ...

I am a 41 year old female who has been in a loving monogamous relationship for the past 14 years. Recently, at a party held in my office in my honor, I was holding a lollipop in my hand that I had been sucking on when my male co-worker grabbed the pop and sucked on it. I was distracted and when he placed it back in my hand, I immediately placed it in my mouth before I had realized it was just i...

The authors investigate the origins of homophily in a large university community, using network data in which interactions, attributes, and affiliations are all recorded over time. The analysis indicates that highly similar pairs do show greater than average propensity to form new ties; however, it also finds that tie formation is heavily biased by triadic closure and focal closure, which effec...

While direct social ties have been intensely studied in the context of computer-mediated social networks, indirect ties (e.g., friends of friends) have seen little attention. Yet in real life, we often rely on friends of our friends for recommendations (of good doctors, good schools, or good babysitters), for introduction to a new job opportunity, and for many other occasional needs. In this wo...

The Friend of a Friend (FOAF) ontology is a vocabulary for mapping social networks. In this paper we propose an extension to FOAF in order to allow it to model learners and their social networks. We analyse FOAF alongside different learner modeling standards and specifications, and based on this analysis we introduce a taxonomy of the different features found in those models. We then compare th...

We investigate the response of a laboratory aquifer submitted to artificial rainfall, with an emphasis on the early stage of a rain event. In this almost two-dimensional experiment, the infiltrating rainwater forms a groundwater reservoir which exits the aquifer through one side. The resulting outflow resembles a typical stream hydrograph: the water discharge increases rapidly during rainfall a...

Rainfall monitoring programs were conducted in two industrial cities of China's Qinghai Province, Xining and Germu, in some periods of the 1980s and 1990s. The results show that the natural precipitation in this area is originally alkaline. Compared with the late 1980s records, pH values declined significantly from approximately 8 in the 1980s to below 7 in mid-1990s. Such rapid and drastic cha...