This study analyzed the trends of extreme daily rainfall indices over the Indochina Peninsula from 1960 to 2007. The trends were obtained from high-resolution gridded daily rainfall data compiled by APHRODITE with coordinates of 4°N–25°N and 90E°–112°E. The indices were selected from the list of climate change indices recommended by ETCCDI, which is a joint group of WMO CCl, CLIVAR and JCOMM. T...

Context The winter feed gap is a common problem for livestock grazing systems worldwide, and changes to climate have made these deficits more unpredictable extreme. Dual-purpose crops are an important tool in many southern Australian mixed crop–livestock help fill the gap. Providing reliable over can remove constraints allow earlier lambing autumn with potential whole-farm system benefits. Aims...

vegetation cover is the first barrier for the raindrops resulting to the interception and infiltration loss. interception as one of the main components of ecohydrology equation plays a major role in the water balance of rangelands. however, few studies have been done on the interception of rangeland plants in iran. this study was carried out to find the interception rate in astragalus parrowian...

The effect of rainfall on the metabolism of birds is poorly understood. We measured the metabolism as rate of oxygen consumption (VO2) of four male and four female American kestrels (Falco sparverius) using open-circuit respirometry. We measured VO2 during the spring at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 5, 10, 15, and 25 degrees C in air without rainfall and with simulated rainfall of 2.5 (low rainf...

Accurate rainfall estimations based on ground-based rainfall observations and satellite-based rainfall measurements are essential for hydrological and environmental modeling in the Qaidam Basin of China. We evaluated the accuracy of daily and monthly scale Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall products in the Qaidam Basin. A Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) was used to est...

Stochastic weather generators are useful for producing daily sequences that reproduce climatic statistics aggregated to, e.g., a monthly time scale, for use with biological simulation models. This paper describes a stochastic weather generator that disaggregates monthly rainfall by adjusting input parameters or by constraining output to match target rainfall totals, and demonstrates its use wit...

Tropical Applications of Meteorology Using Satellite and Ground-Based Observations (TAMSAT) rainfall estimates are used extensively across Africa for operational rainfall monitoring and food security applications; thus, regional evaluations ofTAMSATare essential to ensure its reliability. This study assesses the performance of TAMSAT rainfall estimates, along with the African Rainfall Climatolo...

Efficacy of a single dip treatment in coumaphos at 0.182% active ingredient was determined against all parasitic stages of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) on infested cattle exposed to various levels of rainfall immediately after treatment. One group of calves remained untreated with no exposure to rainfall to serve as a negative control. A second group of cattle treated with c...

Interrill erosion is driven by raindrops and sheet flow. Raindrop impacts cause sediment detachment splash, but can also affect flow transport. Even if these processes have been studied for long, the actual effect of raindrop on particle settling velocities has not experimentally assessed. This leads to unconstrained adjustments in soil models, velocity particles being a freely adjustable param...

The goal of a driving simulator is to produce an environment for a driver similar to the real driving scenario. Motion cueing algorithms are used to produce a realistic motion while respecting the workspace limitations and motion simulator boundaries. Model Predictive Control has become popular recently for motion cueing. However, in this control method, the optimization is based on a predefine...