Final step of rail manufacturing is cold rolling straightening process and it hassignificant effects on mechanical properties, straightness, flatness and development of residualstresses. Measurement of residual stresses after straightening process is obligated by railmanufacturing standards. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to evaluateresidual stresses after straightening ...

This paper proposes a low voltage (±0.55V supply voltage) low power (44.65µW) high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) differential amplifier (d.a.) with rail to rail input common mode range (ICMR), constant transconductance (gm) and enhanced frequency performance. Its high performance is obtained using a simple negative averaging method so that it cancels out the common mode input signals at th...

This paper addresses the difficulty of designing 1-V capable analog circuits in standard digital complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Design techniques for facilitating 1-V operation are discussed and 1-V analog building block circuits are presented. Most of these circuits use the bulk-driving technique to circumvent the metal– oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor t...

Railway signalling can be defined as all systems used to control railway traffic safely, essentially to prevent trains from colliding. Over the years knoledgment and technology able to satisfy this issue have been implemented. After a long period during which each European nation used its own system (with the conseguent absence of interoperabilty among them), ERTMS/ETCS is currently the most co...

This article presents a mathematical model aimed at predicting wheel–rail contact vibration force arising from wheel profile irregularities. Prediction of vibrations caused by a passing train is a basic factor in environmental impact studies related to planning new railway lines. The prediction model is useful during the development of a project as it facilitates selection of the most suitable ...

Port community systems (PCS) are computer networks which link up the port with all the companies that use it, including haulers, rail companies, shipping lines, feeder ports, shippers and customs officers. Although these systems have promising benefits for the users, a lot of companies are reluctant to adopt them. Thus this paper tries to derive the factors that affect PCS adoption. For this pu...

The LEP magnetic bending field and therefore the beam energy is changed by a current flow over the vacuum chamber. The current is created by trains travelling between the Geneva main station and destinations in France. Some of the rail current leaks into earth and returns to the power station via the LEP tunnel where the vacuum chamber is one of the conductors. Train leakage currents penetrate ...

The line planning problem is one of the fundamental problems in strategic planning of public and rail transport. It consists in finding lines and corresponding frequencies in a network such that a given demand can be satisfied. There are two objectives. Passengers want to minimize travel times, the transport company wishes to minimize operating costs. We investigate three variants of a multi-co...

In recent years there has been an increased effort to investigate and improve the crashworthiness of passenger rail vehicles in the United States. The structural crashworthiness requirements for new rail vehicles are changing to include specifications for crash energy management and crush zones rather than primarily specifications of vehicle and component strengths. In addition, the structural ...